# Poland HS 731821 exports | Yugalinks

Explore reported HS 731821 exports from Poland: destinations, growth, concentration, prices, and history.

## Exporter position

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Exporter | Poland |
| HS6 | 731821 |
| Latest exports | $11.1M |
| Active destinations | 112 |
| Three-year growth | +8.5% |
| Destination HHI | 873 |
| Weighted share | 4.7% |

## Destination markets

- Germany: $2.3M; share 2.6%; growth -5.8%
- Czechia: $1.7M; share 7%; growth +95.4%

## Price intelligence

- Highest reported market price: Viet Nam at $13.5M / ton.
- Lowest reported market price: Cuba at $18.6 / ton.
- Median reported price: $14.2K / ton.
- Price spread: 94,999.4%.

## Export history

- 2010: $4.7M
- 2011: $4.1M
- 2012: $3.9M
- 2013: $3.6M
- 2014: $4.0M
- 2015: $3.5M
- 2016: $4.1M
- 2017: $4.5M
- 2018: $7.1M
- 2019: $7.5M
- 2020: $8.6M
- 2021: $8.7M
- 2022: $8.9M
- 2023: $12.7M
- 2024: $11.1M

## Methods

Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.

Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed.

## Complete structured values

```json
{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/731821",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731821",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/731821",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731821",
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 150,
    "current_lane_count": 112,
    "active_market_count": 112,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 11143429.312191047,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 11130047.353721421,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10929912.10818425,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10024449.631255742,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7690873.761679527,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.513037395174372,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.184950756395404,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.850259921146144,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 4453710.345384579,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 17738990.203286126,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.3372225259717716,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2257115.439657935,
    "top_market_share_pct": 20.25512413120998,
    "destination_hhi": 872.9856084254653,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 4.740587305148665,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.03151218517719914,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1850388546385162,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 90.03440935020099,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 22.666666666666668,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:44",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731821,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: non-threaded spring washers and other lock washers",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7318,
      "substitution_elasticity": -4.7572021,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: non-threaded spring washers and other lock washers",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 731821,
        "corridor_rank": 77,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2257115.439657935,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1412917.9844166373,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2496976.2234702357,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2705631.9534465866,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2163617.489819983,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.756057764863865,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.177033107020201,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.047200544998189,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3340774.473989573,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 88033576.99198525,
        "historical_peak_year": 2020,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.803258309862054,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.2525,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.4189,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.5639256256319425,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.5693338024984413,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 24.850372516248076,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 73,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1068.4,
        "distance_km": 965.921142578125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03985311450096296,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03499577089308642,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6398753913805171,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 70.69708151579891,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
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        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 731821,
        "corridor_rank": 100,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "CZE",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1682220.7583030765,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 291483.35594876076,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1412851.881565831,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 947137.1024037201,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 684646.5932763419,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 95.43184909247064,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 34.29601512184814,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.317887833117318,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2211753.2283282,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23998224.55393932,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.55555555555556,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 76.11396125935332,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.6074,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.7187,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.009771720912326,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.9524439982452373,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 55.51960584817521,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 60,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3244.88,
        "distance_km": 516.6627807617188,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.026038070801587303,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.026038070801587303,
        "volatility_cv": 1.6863518443598857,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.4175190894003,
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        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
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    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": 731821,
      "num_markets": 128,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "VNM",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 13494000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CUB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 18.600531443755536,
      "median_price_across_markets": 14204.275534441806,
      "price_spread_pct": 94999.43426716157,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 18.81620553359685,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 45458405
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        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.777548654458469
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      {
        "year": 2011,
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        "active_destinations": 74,
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        "year": 2012,
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        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.368255184717484
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      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 3599954.206547445,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.825409934661026
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      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 3973103.2768045706,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.365383803451099
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 3518079.7782567525,
        "active_destinations": 94,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.452596795162538
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 4118483.514855452,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.066234265335677
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 4520245.123596529,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.755085999298396
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      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 7119286.482477566,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 57.497796863129246
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      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 7510394.561330261,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.493641530163369
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        "year": 2020,
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        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.79886919462009
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      {
        "year": 2021,
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        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.030124568537974
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      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 8917720.920195905,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.3770532488434433
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      {
        "year": 2023,
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        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.88368255367554
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      {
        "year": 2024,
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        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.650484528829317
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    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
      "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
      "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
      "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
      "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
      "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
      "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
      "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
      "population": 36559233,
      "labor_force": 17518.17,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
      "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
      "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
      "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
      "num_border_partners": 190,
      "num_colonial_partners": 40,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
      "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731821",
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: non-threaded spring washers and other lock washers",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 731821,
      "corridor_rank": 77,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2257115.439657935,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1412917.9844166373,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2496976.2234702357,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2705631.9534465866,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2163617.489819983,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.756057764863865,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.177033107020201,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.047200544998189,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3340774.473989573,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 88033576.99198525,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
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      "trend_label": "Declining",
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      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.4189,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
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      "peer_best_share_pct": 24.850372516248076,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 73,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1068.4,
      "distance_km": 965.921142578125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03985311450096296,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03499577089308642,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6398753913805171,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 70.69708151579891,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 731821,
      "corridor_rank": 100,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "CZE",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 28,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1682220.7583030765,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 291483.35594876076,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1412851.881565831,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 947137.1024037201,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 684646.5932763419,
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      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23998224.55393932,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.55555555555556,
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      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.7187,
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      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 60,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3244.88,
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      "volatility_cv": 1.6863518443598857,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 96.4175190894003,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "hs_code": 731821,
    "num_markets": 128,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "VNM",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 13494000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CUB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 18.600531443755536,
    "median_price_across_markets": 14204.275534441806,
    "price_spread_pct": 94999.43426716157,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 18.81620553359685,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 45458405
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 4683124.513765807,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.777548654458469
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    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 4126447.9287475045,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.886862785347265
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    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 3863665.1945803743,
      "active_destinations": 75,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.368255184717484
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 3599954.206547445,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.825409934661026
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    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 3973103.2768045706,
      "active_destinations": 86,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.365383803451099
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 3518079.7782567525,
      "active_destinations": 94,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.452596795162538
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    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 4118483.514855452,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.066234265335677
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    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 4520245.123596529,
      "active_destinations": 103,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.755085999298396
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 7119286.482477566,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 57.497796863129246
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    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 7510394.561330261,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.493641530163369
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    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 8621848.028461387,
      "active_destinations": 106,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.79886919462009
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 8710663.803264575,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.030124568537974
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      "export_value_usd": 8917720.920195905,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.3770532488434433
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      "export_value_usd": 12741968.050635431,
      "active_destinations": 109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.88368255367554
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 11130047.353721421,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.650484528829317
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "POL",
    "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
    "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
    "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
    "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
    "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
    "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
    "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
    "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
    "population": 36559233,
    "labor_force": 17518.17,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
    "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
    "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
    "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
    "num_border_partners": 190,
    "num_colonial_partners": 40,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
    "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
    "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
  }
}
```