{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/321590",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/321590",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/321590",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "321590",
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 147,
    "current_lane_count": 92,
    "active_market_count": 92,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 60457739.23622402,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 60225139.272255264,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 50948109.54417724,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 37375466.715650484,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 47732544.80927084,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 51.80147493662144,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 17.51195777348553,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.984218745595205,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 24671216.70663356,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 125164704.58317077,
    "historical_peak_year": 2018,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 44.81725619102623,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 17257036.379409354,
    "top_market_share_pct": 28.5439657476798,
    "destination_hhi": 1361.5532441624541,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 6.708085813596538,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 3.309406927734521,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.3047831051927048,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 92.93477619730379,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 23.12925170068027,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:44",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 321590,
      "hs_description": "Ink: writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solid",
      "hs_chapter": 32,
      "hs_heading": 3215,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.7772033,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Ink: writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solid",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3215,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 321590,
        "corridor_rank": 64,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 17257036.379409354,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 10961029.825293347,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19054815.543633178,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13807633.286148172,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 24704958.29109323,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 45.679711555938596,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.4385331297874346,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.705959315101851,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 53514248.553420916,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1023146364.9108394,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 37.973752240836745,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.8095,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 13.1628,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.686663508882543,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.2737334678634553,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 21.83205485772438,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
        "supplier_count_latest": 76,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1258.66,
        "distance_km": 965.921142578125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03985311450096296,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03499577089308642,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2626294254517108,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 94.57671510334691,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 321590,
        "corridor_rank": 97,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "AUT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 22,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10667315.810961844,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2166246.485128783,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5714330.6124975085,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3531949.3903711224,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3283707.7997189024,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 296.6469835414061,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 49.04502665273516,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.752981387238066,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10667315.810961844,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 84505235.91520754,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.904761904761905,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 276.894002154168,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.7991,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.9588,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 12.623260198534227,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 7.320115953944666,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 22.004846786547564,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 58,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1352.96,
        "distance_km": 556.8245239257812,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.06502844017373738,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.06502844017373738,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0383114677098173,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.07237971715323,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": 321590,
      "num_markets": 121,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MYS",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 972000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SEN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 283.64998662028364,
      "median_price_across_markets": 31024.558710667687,
      "price_spread_pct": 3132.0875796349633,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 10.67260092807424,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 218214303
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 18921022.80429914,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.353829353415477
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 22822964.876712285,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.622257648389745
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 24829116.92672091,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.790058876424196
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 36197157.38828192,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.78511791261818
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 30660597.72904814,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.29556478660428
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 47652635.123198085,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 55.419785172849146
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 62717670.44102404,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.614275430682433
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 72501198.0763681,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.599316056459553
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 80700433.15687607,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.30910288112954
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 26876177.71698971,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -66.69636498140689
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 16816307.832915563,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.43043370975637
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 17216697.11280512,
        "active_destinations": 67,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.3809583165803594
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 45640753.15632109,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 165.09587092854906
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 46978436.2039554,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.9308960854626886
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 60225139.272255264,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.197411703509506
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
      "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
      "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
      "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
      "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
      "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
      "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
      "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
      "population": 36559233,
      "labor_force": 17518.17,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
      "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
      "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
      "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
      "num_border_partners": 190,
      "num_colonial_partners": 40,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
      "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "321590",
    "hs_description": "Ink: writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solid",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3215
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 321590,
      "corridor_rank": 64,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 17257036.379409354,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 10961029.825293347,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19054815.543633178,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13807633.286148172,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 24704958.29109323,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 45.679711555938596,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.4385331297874346,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.705959315101851,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 53514248.553420916,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1023146364.9108394,
      "historical_peak_year": 2018,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 37.973752240836745,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.8095,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 13.1628,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.686663508882543,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.2737334678634553,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 21.83205485772438,
      "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
      "supplier_count_latest": 76,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1258.66,
      "distance_km": 965.921142578125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03985311450096296,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03499577089308642,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2626294254517108,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 94.57671510334691,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 321590,
      "corridor_rank": 97,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "AUT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 22,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10667315.810961844,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2166246.485128783,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5714330.6124975085,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3531949.3903711224,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3283707.7997189024,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 296.6469835414061,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 49.04502665273516,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.752981387238066,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10667315.810961844,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 84505235.91520754,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.904761904761905,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 276.894002154168,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.7991,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.9588,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 12.623260198534227,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 7.320115953944666,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 22.004846786547564,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 58,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1352.96,
      "distance_km": 556.8245239257812,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.06502844017373738,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.06502844017373738,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0383114677098173,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.07237971715323,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "hs_code": 321590,
    "num_markets": 121,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MYS",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 972000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SEN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 283.64998662028364,
    "median_price_across_markets": 31024.558710667687,
    "price_spread_pct": 3132.0875796349633,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 10.67260092807424,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 218214303
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 18921022.80429914,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.353829353415477
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 22822964.876712285,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.622257648389745
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 24829116.92672091,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.790058876424196
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 36197157.38828192,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.78511791261818
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 30660597.72904814,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.29556478660428
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 47652635.123198085,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 55.419785172849146
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 62717670.44102404,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.614275430682433
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 72501198.0763681,
      "active_destinations": 97,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.599316056459553
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 80700433.15687607,
      "active_destinations": 108,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.30910288112954
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 26876177.71698971,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.69636498140689
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 16816307.832915563,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.43043370975637
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 17216697.11280512,
      "active_destinations": 67,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.3809583165803594
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 45640753.15632109,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 165.09587092854906
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 46978436.2039554,
      "active_destinations": 96,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.9308960854626886
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 60225139.272255264,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.197411703509506
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "POL",
    "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
    "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
    "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
    "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
    "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
    "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
    "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
    "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
    "population": 36559233,
    "labor_force": 17518.17,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
    "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
    "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
    "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
    "num_border_partners": 190,
    "num_colonial_partners": 40,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
    "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
    "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
  }
}