{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/282540",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/282540",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/282540",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "282540",
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 26,
    "current_lane_count": 6,
    "active_market_count": 6,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 804726.5586360611,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 672599.9457189592,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 248751.75660002892,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 180879.8883372819,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 125138.88329378278,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 72.57414911926298,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 50.6682113046091,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 22.585456838612018,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 2691691.748817479,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 14210186.158321086,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.57142857142857,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 49.988692280650966,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "SGP",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 614728.1625036508,
    "top_market_share_pct": 76.38969484809343,
    "destination_hhi": 5932.396867113954,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 5.055815125678239,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 4.6820353198262055,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.10242273165222877,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 2.614245304234183,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 84.61538461538461,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 73,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:44",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "hs_description": "Nickel oxides and hydroxides",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2825,
      "substitution_elasticity": -29.050322,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Nickel oxides and hydroxides",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2825,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 282540,
        "corridor_rank": 27,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "SGP",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 1,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 614728.1625036508,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 614728.1625036508,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 614728.1625036508,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 614728.1625036508,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 614728.1625036508,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 614728.1625036508,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24248037.242053714,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 249.1751,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 188.0897,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.535166687378387,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.535166687378387,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.38637461135083,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 12,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3066.07,
        "distance_km": 9417.3056640625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0035649841120444442,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282540,
        "corridor_rank": 73,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "IND",
        "latest_data_year": 2008,
        "lane_data_years": 1,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 19805.203696679026,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 19805.203696679026,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19805.203696679026,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19805.203696679026,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 19805.203696679026,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 19805.203696679026,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27023196.016258318,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -28.5248,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 58.6982,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.5577663832617435,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5577663832617435,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.52165718590911,
        "peer_top_exporter": "AUS",
        "supplier_count_latest": 19,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2921.17,
        "distance_km": 5269.8330078125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373736,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "num_markets": 10,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "EST",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 606200,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1841,
      "median_price_across_markets": 15652.01465201465,
      "price_spread_pct": 3861.221787970981,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.826086956521739,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 414963
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1368930.8145243502,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 178.18712962990054
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 117662.62177905993,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -91.40477951619907
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 55254.7211708205,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -53.0396991539296
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 44503.880503013555,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.456872535055634
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 87774.29080446277,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 97.22839854048048
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 71818.06126740258,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.17870516619306
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 63324.99008470503,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.825815167963128
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 55019.51749357412,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.115631885644682
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 70200.7417203554,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.592434318520404
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 86626.08068538096,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.39767153808129
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 27277.334941660905,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -68.51140588856835
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 130866.83694466192,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 379.7640136932435
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 60120.79519877083,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -54.05956420862118
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 13534.528882356764,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -77.48777467495394
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 672599.9457189592,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4869.511325922411
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
      "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
      "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
      "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
      "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
      "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
      "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
      "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
      "population": 36559233,
      "labor_force": 17518.17,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
      "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
      "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
      "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
      "num_border_partners": 190,
      "num_colonial_partners": 40,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
      "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "282540",
    "hs_description": "Nickel oxides and hydroxides",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2825
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "corridor_rank": 27,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 1,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 614728.1625036508,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 614728.1625036508,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 614728.1625036508,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 614728.1625036508,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 614728.1625036508,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 614728.1625036508,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24248037.242053714,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 249.1751,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 188.0897,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.535166687378387,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.535166687378387,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 47.38637461135083,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 12,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3066.07,
      "distance_km": 9417.3056640625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0035649841120444442,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Declining",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "corridor_rank": 73,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "latest_data_year": 2008,
      "lane_data_years": 1,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 19805.203696679026,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 19805.203696679026,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19805.203696679026,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19805.203696679026,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 19805.203696679026,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 19805.203696679026,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27023196.016258318,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -28.5248,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 58.6982,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.5577663832617435,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5577663832617435,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 47.52165718590911,
      "peer_top_exporter": "AUS",
      "supplier_count_latest": 19,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2921.17,
      "distance_km": 5269.8330078125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373736,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Declining",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "hs_code": 282540,
    "num_markets": 10,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "EST",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 606200,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GRC",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1841,
    "median_price_across_markets": 15652.01465201465,
    "price_spread_pct": 3861.221787970981,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.826086956521739,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 414963
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1368930.8145243502,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 178.18712962990054
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 117662.62177905993,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -91.40477951619907
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 55254.7211708205,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.0396991539296
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 44503.880503013555,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.456872535055634
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 87774.29080446277,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 97.22839854048048
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 71818.06126740258,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.17870516619306
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 63324.99008470503,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.825815167963128
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 55019.51749357412,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.115631885644682
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 70200.7417203554,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.592434318520404
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 86626.08068538096,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.39767153808129
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 27277.334941660905,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -68.51140588856835
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 130866.83694466192,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 379.7640136932435
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 60120.79519877083,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -54.05956420862118
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 13534.528882356764,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -77.48777467495394
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 672599.9457189592,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4869.511325922411
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "POL",
    "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
    "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
    "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
    "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
    "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
    "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
    "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
    "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
    "population": 36559233,
    "labor_force": 17518.17,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
    "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
    "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
    "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
    "num_border_partners": 190,
    "num_colonial_partners": 40,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
    "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
    "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
  }
}