{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/280440",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/280440",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/280440",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "280440",
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "first_data_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 70,
    "current_lane_count": 19,
    "active_market_count": 19,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 4091639.353795725,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 3938185.326597603,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5232430.217708907,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5435198.109124983,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5203784.706841511,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -17.81122428210349,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.293396500346457,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.2356358070820415,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 4097450.6731619188,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 13478889.754010122,
    "historical_peak_year": 2014,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.575588475021448,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "CZE",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2140263.5889268317,
    "top_market_share_pct": 52.30821692389276,
    "destination_hhi": 3435.6814528525474,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 45.480102012967784,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 9.48296406943383,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0460268825484915,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 81.9410894246679,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 61.42857142857143,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 79.5,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:44",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 280440,
      "hs_description": "Oxygen",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2804,
      "substitution_elasticity": -14.341238,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Oxygen",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2804,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 280440,
        "corridor_rank": 13,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 24,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 977140.7420990737,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 277912.27519717737,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1340083.1426693539,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 904542.918664668,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 560628.2507533688,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 31.77128044898381,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 40.45347422516408,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.054775435598518,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1554336.820162531,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 40284362.204324216,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 52.17391304347826,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 21.71650501338529,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 23.9073,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.6985,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.425608073780513,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.3552470857426826,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 60.42616005191543,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 46,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3967.62,
        "distance_km": 965.921142578125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03985311450096296,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03499577089308642,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5647504052168812,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 94.57920301675036,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": 280440,
      "num_markets": 34,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 347000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 61.71084668904084,
      "median_price_across_markets": 220.48690858980248,
      "price_spread_pct": 157350.96989307457,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2638.3017159090905,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 25285256
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4104689.733710345,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 160.14571536540782
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 6229549.62091922,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 51.76663828591387
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 7242644.129208408,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.262724754405244
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 6740833.067044189,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.928561630420256
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 8346116.201401151,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.814313726372514
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 5360412.291201091,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.773572259859236
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 4480003.94094018,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.424265568267344
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 4789962.287095724,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.918706997621424
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 5575450.921893479,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.398639231750973
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 4656027.081659723,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.490573643530713
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 4385231.85916357,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.8160147642359314
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 7093468.03333462,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 61.758106780871856
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 6221953.516193086,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.286155559537178
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 5537151.810336035,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.006217003627643
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 3938185.326597603,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -28.87705698719853
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
      "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
      "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
      "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
      "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
      "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
      "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
      "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
      "population": 36559233,
      "labor_force": 17518.17,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
      "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
      "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
      "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
      "num_border_partners": 190,
      "num_colonial_partners": 40,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
      "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "280440",
    "hs_description": "Oxygen",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2804
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 280440,
      "corridor_rank": 13,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 24,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 977140.7420990737,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 277912.27519717737,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1340083.1426693539,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 904542.918664668,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 560628.2507533688,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 31.77128044898381,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 40.45347422516408,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.054775435598518,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1554336.820162531,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 40284362.204324216,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 52.17391304347826,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 21.71650501338529,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 23.9073,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.6985,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.425608073780513,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.3552470857426826,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 60.42616005191543,
      "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 46,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3967.62,
      "distance_km": 965.921142578125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03985311450096296,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03499577089308642,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5647504052168812,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 94.57920301675036,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "hs_code": 280440,
    "num_markets": 34,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ITA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 347000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 61.71084668904084,
    "median_price_across_markets": 220.48690858980248,
    "price_spread_pct": 157350.96989307457,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2638.3017159090905,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 25285256
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 4104689.733710345,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 160.14571536540782
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 6229549.62091922,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.76663828591387
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 7242644.129208408,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.262724754405244
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 6740833.067044189,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.928561630420256
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 8346116.201401151,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.814313726372514
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 5360412.291201091,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.773572259859236
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 4480003.94094018,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.424265568267344
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 4789962.287095724,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.918706997621424
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 5575450.921893479,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.398639231750973
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 4656027.081659723,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.490573643530713
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 4385231.85916357,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.8160147642359314
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 7093468.03333462,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 61.758106780871856
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 6221953.516193086,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.286155559537178
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 5537151.810336035,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.006217003627643
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 3938185.326597603,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.87705698719853
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "POL",
    "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
    "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
    "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
    "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
    "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
    "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
    "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
    "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
    "population": 36559233,
    "labor_force": 17518.17,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
    "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
    "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
    "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
    "num_border_partners": 190,
    "num_colonial_partners": 40,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
    "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
    "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
  }
}