{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pak/411420",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/411420",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pak/411420",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "411420",
    "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 71,
    "current_lane_count": 15,
    "active_market_count": 15,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1564903.5392084443,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 433346.1026700715,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 502811.36791433743,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 490227.8208323509,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1829904.8311624534,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.852613185695653,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -19.373868726686784,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -22.14736450085091,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3820974.0078945444,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 12226100.151303926,
    "historical_peak_year": 2014,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 26.99997768654656,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "AZE",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 688076.613759903,
    "top_market_share_pct": 43.96926689219096,
    "destination_hhi": 2234.1398296301377,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 36.83597591283282,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 19.56609667918502,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.6790182584268373,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 40.33317604338628,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 56.33802816901409,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 77.5,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:40",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 411420,
      "hs_description": "Leather: patent leather and laminated patent leather: metallised leather",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4114,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.6575875,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Leather: patent leather and laminated patent leather: metallised leather",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4114,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 411420,
        "corridor_rank": 37,
        "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 227677.54210076854,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 990762.2508257264,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 256733.87930679542,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 246518.74281171392,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 944449.2482844742,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.650568802661393,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -19.04611957263085,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -23.03206050757477,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3120481.3556485088,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 30515849.933866754,
        "historical_peak_year": 2014,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 42.30769230769231,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 28.682629310236162,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.5791,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.2506,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7460960209012236,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3753662865294035,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 41.63698618931315,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 36,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3174.51,
        "distance_km": 3882.87744140625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29505102477575756,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.22128940283434342,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9543584457809788,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.83435568977156,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 411420,
        "corridor_rank": 77,
        "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
        "importer_iso3": "ESP",
        "latest_data_year": 2021,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 48848.037759742154,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 295736.73468031955,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 118104.05644311034,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 244682.265549959,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 323998.17992657836,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -43.7435442795281,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -36.8690780278883,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.575272171663203,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 880486.6690026772,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17523794.927258287,
        "historical_peak_year": 2002,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 38.46153846153846,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -48.3188164511913,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.3774,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.0563,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.43333503116018257,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.9435436751699678,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 87.94164047521834,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 14,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7758.08,
        "distance_km": 6651.61962890625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.01603498178227273,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.046033620483659075,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7945817621986869,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.75524682025288,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
      "hs_code": 411420,
      "num_markets": 28,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 382000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BRN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1000,
      "median_price_across_markets": 30994.172494172493,
      "price_spread_pct": 1229.2633399766855,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.028887323943662,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 7940049
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4173314.448027176,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 51.54368508655748
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2938983.775992607,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.576747388830615
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 3604410.9068417856,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.641401979990114
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 4210005.515172443,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.801486400486027
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 5297874.965975366,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.840095621783593
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 4319662.029639632,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.46425109346912
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2784979.4711795826,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.52783870427198
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 3602127.8423693525,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.34127090149305
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 3869231.60203776,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.415166017337022
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1271908.2622364545,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -67.12762654045846
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 566783.5400255395,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -55.43833176860271
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 375921.4603932025,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.674598176181455
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 467645.0291669305,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.399662811957555
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 607442.9719060104,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.894029449669972
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 433346.1026700715,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -28.66061133107931
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "PAK",
      "exports_usd": 35181141938.06421,
      "imports_usd": 62273837932.53882,
      "trade_balance_usd": -27092695994.47461,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.5001715288244934,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 12.78652901620745,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.624197063826952,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.969171931568985,
      "export_partner_hhi": 518.3914291163483,
      "export_product_hhi": 200.54189987167615,
      "momentum_score": 5.537379189325231,
      "risk_score": 3.594666644940122,
      "gdp_million_usd": 371570.0001212658,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1478.7727797799566,
      "population": 251269164,
      "labor_force": 83541.55,
      "investment_rate_pct": 16.65,
      "savings_rate_pct": 7.46,
      "secondary_education_pct": 49.04,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 8.16,
      "total_factor_productivity": 309.74,
      "trade_openness_pct": 27.384819034121744,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 9.885889942893055,
      "num_active_partners": 1080,
      "num_fta_partners": 18,
      "num_wto_partners": 676,
      "num_eu_partners": 112,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 152,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7549.876543209876,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212742,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 1.6666666666666667,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 14.074074074074074,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.7407407407407408,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1304561773384991,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1355130475216751,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.060782053587736966,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07473099393393812,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7703.340622551856,
      "num_border_partners": 147,
      "num_colonial_partners": 35,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.598561177916803,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 73.17205762435445,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.017124218537646,
      "real_market_potential": 137141.87945829326,
      "foreign_market_potential": 23394.1787152118
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "411420",
    "hs_description": "Leather: patent leather and laminated patent leather: metallised leather",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4114
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 411420,
      "corridor_rank": 37,
      "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 27,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 227677.54210076854,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 990762.2508257264,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 256733.87930679542,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 246518.74281171392,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 944449.2482844742,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.650568802661393,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -19.04611957263085,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -23.03206050757477,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3120481.3556485088,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 30515849.933866754,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 42.30769230769231,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 28.682629310236162,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.5791,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.2506,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7460960209012236,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3753662865294035,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 41.63698618931315,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 36,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3174.51,
      "distance_km": 3882.87744140625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29505102477575756,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.22128940283434342,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9543584457809788,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.83435568977156,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 411420,
      "corridor_rank": 77,
      "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "latest_data_year": 2021,
      "lane_data_years": 27,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 48848.037759742154,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 295736.73468031955,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 118104.05644311034,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 244682.265549959,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 323998.17992657836,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -43.7435442795281,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -36.8690780278883,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.575272171663203,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 880486.6690026772,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17523794.927258287,
      "historical_peak_year": 2002,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 38.46153846153846,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -48.3188164511913,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.3774,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.0563,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.43333503116018257,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.9435436751699678,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 87.94164047521834,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 14,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 7758.08,
      "distance_km": 6651.61962890625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.01603498178227273,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.046033620483659075,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7945817621986869,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.75524682025288,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Slowing",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
    "hs_code": 411420,
    "num_markets": 28,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 382000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BRN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1000,
    "median_price_across_markets": 30994.172494172493,
    "price_spread_pct": 1229.2633399766855,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.028887323943662,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 7940049
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 4173314.448027176,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.54368508655748
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 2938983.775992607,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.576747388830615
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 3604410.9068417856,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.641401979990114
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 4210005.515172443,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.801486400486027
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 5297874.965975366,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.840095621783593
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 4319662.029639632,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.46425109346912
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 2784979.4711795826,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.52783870427198
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 3602127.8423693525,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.34127090149305
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 3869231.60203776,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.415166017337022
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1271908.2622364545,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -67.12762654045846
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 566783.5400255395,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -55.43833176860271
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 375921.4603932025,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.674598176181455
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 467645.0291669305,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.399662811957555
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 607442.9719060104,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.894029449669972
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 433346.1026700715,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.66061133107931
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "PAK",
    "exports_usd": 35181141938.06421,
    "imports_usd": 62273837932.53882,
    "trade_balance_usd": -27092695994.47461,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.5001715288244934,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 12.78652901620745,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.624197063826952,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.969171931568985,
    "export_partner_hhi": 518.3914291163483,
    "export_product_hhi": 200.54189987167615,
    "momentum_score": 5.537379189325231,
    "risk_score": 3.594666644940122,
    "gdp_million_usd": 371570.0001212658,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1478.7727797799566,
    "population": 251269164,
    "labor_force": 83541.55,
    "investment_rate_pct": 16.65,
    "savings_rate_pct": 7.46,
    "secondary_education_pct": 49.04,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 8.16,
    "total_factor_productivity": 309.74,
    "trade_openness_pct": 27.384819034121744,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 9.885889942893055,
    "num_active_partners": 1080,
    "num_fta_partners": 18,
    "num_wto_partners": 676,
    "num_eu_partners": 112,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 152,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 7549.876543209876,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212742,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 1.6666666666666667,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 14.074074074074074,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.7407407407407408,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1304561773384991,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1355130475216751,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.060782053587736966,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07473099393393812,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7703.340622551856,
    "num_border_partners": 147,
    "num_colonial_partners": 35,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.598561177916803,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 73.17205762435445,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.017124218537646,
    "real_market_potential": 137141.87945829326,
    "foreign_market_potential": 23394.1787152118
  }
}