{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pak/410799",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/410799",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pak/410799",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "410799",
    "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 121,
    "current_lane_count": 47,
    "active_market_count": 47,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 17020879.136487227,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 15630398.472976025,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13751326.542547142,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13924188.177474875,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 20157792.187453814,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.433119766773908,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.812084511580649,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.171818703454448,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 27613107.841112614,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 120815903.6759945,
    "historical_peak_year": 1999,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.7386989366805405,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "VNM",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 12403535.945186708,
    "top_market_share_pct": 72.87247530356738,
    "destination_hhi": 5367.106280359829,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 3.9446008833026913,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.9045527053720873,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.104085111441223,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 94.58790746039327,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 38.01652892561984,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:40",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 410799,
      "hs_description": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, incl. parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, no hair, excluding leather of heading 41.14, and whole hides and skins, and sides, (full grains, unsplit and grain splits)",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4107,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.3249912,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, incl. parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, no hair, excluding leather of heading 41.14, and whole hides and skins, and sides, (full grains, unsplit and grain splits)",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4107,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 410799,
        "corridor_rank": 31,
        "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
        "importer_iso3": "VNM",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12403535.945186708,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4002691.3973845732,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12287037.943144485,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9692419.918155313,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9335991.410920033,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.50471633150596,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.804019775628834,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.22009962769613534,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12403535.945186708,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 635146207.4333466,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.53846153846154,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.284616703809824,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 18.7241,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.7201,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.9528631045928675,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.22465215435508634,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.53492176085502,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 55,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2260.3,
        "distance_km": 3509.46728515625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1590585759782609,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1309481502376906,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.4540572098913,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
      "hs_code": 410799,
      "num_markets": 73,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "COL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 139750,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "KGZ",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 485.2941176470588,
      "median_price_across_markets": 21529.41176470588,
      "price_spread_pct": 646.8579234972678,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 27.07855348837209,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 124952389
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 23822344.414644685,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.88710960085524
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 27234843.202439103,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.32478150931526
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 23385142.179979574,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.135205383208364
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 19836576.049668778,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.174447531684393
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 36661499.15040467,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 84.81767749942323
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 36263111.25508613,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.0866655880168516
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 28695072.029992297,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.869801192340795
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 21693901.63480212,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.398511311881364
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 26321780.82939022,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.332627355348066
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 18983115.237892985,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.880581633378966
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 10458930.835213242,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.90403337837967
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 17908030.424519718,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 71.22238120388718
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 21250724.691976167,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.665895624566424
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 4372856.462689235,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -79.42255369606131
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 15630398.472976025,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 257.44137971003937
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "PAK",
      "exports_usd": 35181141938.06421,
      "imports_usd": 62273837932.53882,
      "trade_balance_usd": -27092695994.47461,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.5001715288244934,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 12.78652901620745,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.624197063826952,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.969171931568985,
      "export_partner_hhi": 518.3914291163483,
      "export_product_hhi": 200.54189987167615,
      "momentum_score": 5.537379189325231,
      "risk_score": 3.594666644940122,
      "gdp_million_usd": 371570.0001212658,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1478.7727797799566,
      "population": 251269164,
      "labor_force": 83541.55,
      "investment_rate_pct": 16.65,
      "savings_rate_pct": 7.46,
      "secondary_education_pct": 49.04,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 8.16,
      "total_factor_productivity": 309.74,
      "trade_openness_pct": 27.384819034121744,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 9.885889942893055,
      "num_active_partners": 1080,
      "num_fta_partners": 18,
      "num_wto_partners": 676,
      "num_eu_partners": 112,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 152,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7549.876543209876,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212742,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 1.6666666666666667,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 14.074074074074074,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.7407407407407408,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1304561773384991,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1355130475216751,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.060782053587736966,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07473099393393812,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7703.340622551856,
      "num_border_partners": 147,
      "num_colonial_partners": 35,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.598561177916803,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 73.17205762435445,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.017124218537646,
      "real_market_potential": 137141.87945829326,
      "foreign_market_potential": 23394.1787152118
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "410799",
    "hs_description": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, incl. parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, no hair, excluding leather of heading 41.14, and whole hides and skins, and sides, (full grains, unsplit and grain splits)",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4107
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 410799,
      "corridor_rank": 31,
      "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
      "importer_iso3": "VNM",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 27,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12403535.945186708,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4002691.3973845732,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12287037.943144485,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9692419.918155313,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9335991.410920033,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.50471633150596,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.804019775628834,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.22009962769613534,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12403535.945186708,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 635146207.4333466,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.53846153846154,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.284616703809824,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 18.7241,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.7201,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.9528631045928675,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.22465215435508634,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.53492176085502,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 55,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2260.3,
      "distance_km": 3509.46728515625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1309481502376906,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.4540572098913,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
    "hs_code": 410799,
    "num_markets": 73,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "COL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 139750,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "KGZ",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 485.2941176470588,
    "median_price_across_markets": 21529.41176470588,
    "price_spread_pct": 646.8579234972678,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 27.07855348837209,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 124952389
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 23822344.414644685,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.88710960085524
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 27234843.202439103,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.32478150931526
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 23385142.179979574,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.135205383208364
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 19836576.049668778,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.174447531684393
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 36661499.15040467,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 84.81767749942323
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 36263111.25508613,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.0866655880168516
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 28695072.029992297,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.869801192340795
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 21693901.63480212,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.398511311881364
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 26321780.82939022,
      "active_destinations": 49,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.332627355348066
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 18983115.237892985,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.880581633378966
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 10458930.835213242,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.90403337837967
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 17908030.424519718,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 71.22238120388718
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 21250724.691976167,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.665895624566424
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 4372856.462689235,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -79.42255369606131
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 15630398.472976025,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 257.44137971003937
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "PAK",
    "exports_usd": 35181141938.06421,
    "imports_usd": 62273837932.53882,
    "trade_balance_usd": -27092695994.47461,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.5001715288244934,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 12.78652901620745,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.624197063826952,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.969171931568985,
    "export_partner_hhi": 518.3914291163483,
    "export_product_hhi": 200.54189987167615,
    "momentum_score": 5.537379189325231,
    "risk_score": 3.594666644940122,
    "gdp_million_usd": 371570.0001212658,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1478.7727797799566,
    "population": 251269164,
    "labor_force": 83541.55,
    "investment_rate_pct": 16.65,
    "savings_rate_pct": 7.46,
    "secondary_education_pct": 49.04,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 8.16,
    "total_factor_productivity": 309.74,
    "trade_openness_pct": 27.384819034121744,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 9.885889942893055,
    "num_active_partners": 1080,
    "num_fta_partners": 18,
    "num_wto_partners": 676,
    "num_eu_partners": 112,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 152,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 7549.876543209876,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212742,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 1.6666666666666667,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 14.074074074074074,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.7407407407407408,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1304561773384991,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1355130475216751,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.060782053587736966,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07473099393393812,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7703.340622551856,
    "num_border_partners": 147,
    "num_colonial_partners": 35,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.598561177916803,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 73.17205762435445,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.017124218537646,
    "real_market_potential": 137141.87945829326,
    "foreign_market_potential": 23394.1787152118
  }
}