{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pak/410441",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/410441",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pak/410441",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "410441",
    "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 82,
    "current_lane_count": 12,
    "active_market_count": 12,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 8755167.033227619,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 6912612.122522214,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8124633.521645178,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7941276.748319374,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8587185.35623196,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -15.837167507496153,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.695132596846304,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.781777154914299,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 12161224.672856683,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 46313366.649420515,
    "historical_peak_year": 2005,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.055390352581853,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "CHN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 5491448.600095322,
    "top_market_share_pct": 62.72237387652538,
    "destination_hhi": 4072.517244534756,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 8.466842648411058,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.8100883977348365,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0016077600147575,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 88.31740804058008,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 39.02439024390244,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 86,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:40",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 410441,
      "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit: grain splits",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4104,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.9141059,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit: grain splits",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4104,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 410441,
        "corridor_rank": 35,
        "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5491448.600095322,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2403319.8371576075,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6101436.420785082,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5785074.602388339,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4901985.994934303,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.811648618860593,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.287370581136375,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.1288219846168586,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8556636.513442809,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 228216681.25498217,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.94047060347745,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.9781,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.3848,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.406243299086377,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7646406132737857,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 28.514516887521847,
        "peer_top_exporter": "BRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 40,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1481.52,
        "distance_km": 3882.87744140625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29505102477575756,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.22128940283434342,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0387223982276883,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 95.01566393765415,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 410441,
        "corridor_rank": 97,
        "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
        "importer_iso3": "KHM",
        "latest_data_year": 2007,
        "lane_data_years": 6,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 418164.4125883503,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 790670.684784517,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1048012.7421087326,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 824555.9090562237,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 790670.684784517,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.01399873798589,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.611717478649838,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1381808.0212530373,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10405893.633236593,
        "historical_peak_year": 2006,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 40,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 26.9603,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 971.9535,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 56.5217,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.801315520955317,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -18.505161767869165,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 72.17781655855758,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ARG",
        "supplier_count_latest": 7,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5422.91,
        "distance_km": 4056.845703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.16189996191111114,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5233961886131419,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 69.7378792019781,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
      "hs_code": 410441,
      "num_markets": 27,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 55480,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 5347.826086956522,
      "median_price_across_markets": 14486.301369863015,
      "price_spread_pct": 346.0660705108438,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 80.06297619047619,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 58455939
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 9659739.51590791,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 209.31914898748812
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 8871301.303939633,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.162106345309375
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 9281081.352074932,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.619165036738422
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 12662773.8087696,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 36.43640572053209
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 8274113.441420712,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -34.65797015429213
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 6894805.996171668,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.670153908503927
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 10452063.003559578,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 51.59328644436221
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 11005840.227779878,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.2982576170054125
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 11135477.364453599,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1778940452588347
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 6677283.228758005,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -40.03594987249431
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 3737205.3474557092,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.03104946394732
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 11595277.829205623,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 210.26600764926368
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 11415527.981443362,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.5501987137342703
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 6045760.46096996,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -47.039151664314495
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 6912612.122522214,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.338174116365495
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "PAK",
      "exports_usd": 35181141938.06421,
      "imports_usd": 62273837932.53882,
      "trade_balance_usd": -27092695994.47461,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.5001715288244934,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 12.78652901620745,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.624197063826952,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.969171931568985,
      "export_partner_hhi": 518.3914291163483,
      "export_product_hhi": 200.54189987167615,
      "momentum_score": 5.537379189325231,
      "risk_score": 3.594666644940122,
      "gdp_million_usd": 371570.0001212658,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1478.7727797799566,
      "population": 251269164,
      "labor_force": 83541.55,
      "investment_rate_pct": 16.65,
      "savings_rate_pct": 7.46,
      "secondary_education_pct": 49.04,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 8.16,
      "total_factor_productivity": 309.74,
      "trade_openness_pct": 27.384819034121744,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 9.885889942893055,
      "num_active_partners": 1080,
      "num_fta_partners": 18,
      "num_wto_partners": 676,
      "num_eu_partners": 112,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 152,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7549.876543209876,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212742,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 1.6666666666666667,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 14.074074074074074,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.7407407407407408,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1304561773384991,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1355130475216751,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.060782053587736966,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07473099393393812,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7703.340622551856,
      "num_border_partners": 147,
      "num_colonial_partners": 35,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.598561177916803,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 73.17205762435445,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.017124218537646,
      "real_market_potential": 137141.87945829326,
      "foreign_market_potential": 23394.1787152118
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "410441",
    "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit: grain splits",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4104
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 410441,
      "corridor_rank": 35,
      "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5491448.600095322,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2403319.8371576075,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6101436.420785082,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5785074.602388339,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4901985.994934303,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.811648618860593,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.287370581136375,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.1288219846168586,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8556636.513442809,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 228216681.25498217,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.94047060347745,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.9781,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.3848,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.406243299086377,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7646406132737857,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 28.514516887521847,
      "peer_top_exporter": "BRA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 40,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1481.52,
      "distance_km": 3882.87744140625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29505102477575756,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.22128940283434342,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0387223982276883,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 95.01566393765415,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 410441,
      "corridor_rank": 97,
      "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
      "importer_iso3": "KHM",
      "latest_data_year": 2007,
      "lane_data_years": 6,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 418164.4125883503,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 790670.684784517,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1048012.7421087326,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 824555.9090562237,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 790670.684784517,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.01399873798589,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.611717478649838,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1381808.0212530373,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10405893.633236593,
      "historical_peak_year": 2006,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 40,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 26.9603,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 971.9535,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 56.5217,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.801315520955317,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -18.505161767869165,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 72.17781655855758,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ARG",
      "supplier_count_latest": 7,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5422.91,
      "distance_km": 4056.845703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.16189996191111114,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5233961886131419,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 69.7378792019781,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Slowing",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "PAK",
    "hs_code": 410441,
    "num_markets": 27,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 55480,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GRC",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 5347.826086956522,
    "median_price_across_markets": 14486.301369863015,
    "price_spread_pct": 346.0660705108438,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 80.06297619047619,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 58455939
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 9659739.51590791,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 209.31914898748812
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 8871301.303939633,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.162106345309375
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 9281081.352074932,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.619165036738422
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 12662773.8087696,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.43640572053209
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 8274113.441420712,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.65797015429213
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 6894805.996171668,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.670153908503927
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 10452063.003559578,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.59328644436221
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 11005840.227779878,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.2982576170054125
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 11135477.364453599,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1778940452588347
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 6677283.228758005,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -40.03594987249431
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 3737205.3474557092,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.03104946394732
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 11595277.829205623,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 210.26600764926368
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 11415527.981443362,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.5501987137342703
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 6045760.46096996,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -47.039151664314495
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 6912612.122522214,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.338174116365495
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "PAK",
    "exports_usd": 35181141938.06421,
    "imports_usd": 62273837932.53882,
    "trade_balance_usd": -27092695994.47461,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.5001715288244934,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 12.78652901620745,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.624197063826952,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.969171931568985,
    "export_partner_hhi": 518.3914291163483,
    "export_product_hhi": 200.54189987167615,
    "momentum_score": 5.537379189325231,
    "risk_score": 3.594666644940122,
    "gdp_million_usd": 371570.0001212658,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1478.7727797799566,
    "population": 251269164,
    "labor_force": 83541.55,
    "investment_rate_pct": 16.65,
    "savings_rate_pct": 7.46,
    "secondary_education_pct": 49.04,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 8.16,
    "total_factor_productivity": 309.74,
    "trade_openness_pct": 27.384819034121744,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 9.885889942893055,
    "num_active_partners": 1080,
    "num_fta_partners": 18,
    "num_wto_partners": 676,
    "num_eu_partners": 112,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 152,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 7549.876543209876,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212742,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 1.6666666666666667,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 14.074074074074074,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.7407407407407408,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1304561773384991,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1355130475216751,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.060782053587736966,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07473099393393812,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7703.340622551856,
    "num_border_partners": 147,
    "num_colonial_partners": 35,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.598561177916803,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 73.17205762435445,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.017124218537646,
    "real_market_potential": 137141.87945829326,
    "foreign_market_potential": 23394.1787152118
  }
}