# Pakistan HS 090931 exports | Yugalinks Explore reported HS 090931 exports from Pakistan: destinations, growth, concentration, prices, and history. ## Exporter position | Measure | Value | | --- | --- | | Exporter | Pakistan | | HS6 | 090931 | | Latest exports | $1.4M | | Active destinations | 36 | | Three-year growth | +41.5% | | Destination HHI | 1,728 | | Weighted share | 3.5% | ## Destination markets - United Arab Emirates: $227.6K; share 0.3%; growth +58.2% - United Kingdom: $211.8K; share 1.2%; growth +9.6% ## Price intelligence - Highest reported market price: Switzerland, Liechtenstein at $18.6K / ton. - Lowest reported market price: Uzbekistan at $63.6 / ton. - Median reported price: $4.8K / ton. - Price spread: 386.3%. ## Export history - 2010: $172.3K - 2011: $342.1K - 2012: $3.4M - 2013: $1.7M - 2014: $574.0K - 2015: $696.6K - 2016: $417.8K - 2017: $441.8K - 2018: $468.1K - 2019: $526.1K - 2020: $491.0K - 2021: $471.7K - 2022: $584.9K - 2023: $916.9K - 2024: $1.3M ## Methods Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade. Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed. ## Complete structured values ```json { "template": "T3", "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile", "source": "api", "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com" }, "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pak/090931", "links": { "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/090931", "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pak/090931", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology" }, "methodology": { "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.", "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.", "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.", "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.", "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed." }, "exporter": { "hs_code": "090931", "exporter_iso3": "PAK", "first_data_year": 1995, "latest_data_year": 2024, "observed_lane_count": 99, "current_lane_count": 36, "active_market_count": 36, "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1435981.046040123, "exports_current_2024_usd": 1337841.8355582107, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 946571.4375373125, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 760486.2839901105, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 635272.6085176803, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 41.54699404316151, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 20.52428168455924, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.830162720905044, "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 977895.4289579729, "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 7168317.659045823, "historical_peak_year": 2012, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484, "trend_acceleration_pct": 32.71683132225647, "trend_label": "Rapid growth", "top_market_iso3": "FRA", "top_market_exports_usd": 490417.07918907533, "top_market_share_pct": 34.15205796354031, "destination_hhi": 1728.1426693309936, "weighted_share_latest_pct": 3.5338967969778032, "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.14476112007440584, "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.565478377264071, "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.88942381996755, "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 48.484848484848484, "data_freshness_years": 0, "coverage_score": 98, "confidence_label": "High", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:40", "source": "api", "product": { "hs_code": 90931, "hs_description": "Spices: cumin seeds, neither crushed nor ground", "hs_chapter": 9, "hs_heading": 909, "substitution_elasticity": null, "price_range_label": null, "trade_type_label": null }, "hs_description": "Spices: cumin seeds, neither crushed nor ground", "hs_chapter": 9, "hs_heading": 909, "destinations": [ { "hs_code": 90931, "corridor_rank": 87, "exporter_iso3": "PAK", "importer_iso3": "ARE", "latest_data_year": 2024, "lane_data_years": 27, "exports_latest_observed_usd": 227596.97944907652, "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 55895.53750438932, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 112985.6916564181, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 88449.9616558948, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 96239.10899957169, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 58.231759300941974, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 17.579728695093767, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.475533885924506, "exports_historical_peak_usd": 227596.97944907652, "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 85568991.1495753, "historical_peak_year": 2024, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 57.69230769230769, "trend_acceleration_pct": 44.75622541501747, "trend_label": "Rapid growth", "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 42.7025, "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 29.8211, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069, "market_share_latest_pct": 0.2659806740636163, "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.16825784605032348, "peer_best_share_pct": 92.90612817956433, "peer_top_exporter": "IND", "supplier_count_latest": 29, "buyer_market_hhi": 8642.08, "distance_km": 2083.978759765625, "has_reported_fta": 0, "applied_tariff_pct": 0.05214629114545451, "tariff_advantage_pp": null, "volatility_cv": 0.9616921762883668, "max_drawdown_pct": 99.93259388844545, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']", "signal_flag": "Accelerating", "confidence_label": "High", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25" }, { "hs_code": 90931, "corridor_rank": 92, "exporter_iso3": "PAK", "importer_iso3": "GBR", "latest_data_year": 2024, "lane_data_years": 30, "exports_latest_observed_usd": 211767.55146714207, "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 139491.65808600732, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 158698.54794303115, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 177749.71214287364, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 202387.89768258855, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.623249815116331, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.29200225405785, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.219951133159437, "exports_historical_peak_usd": 413366.88562373945, "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17684507.935675308, "historical_peak_year": 2015, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759, "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.843200948275769, "trend_label": "Growing", "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 14.5918, "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.6618, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724, "market_share_latest_pct": 1.1974749438175727, "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5068258211230999, "peer_best_share_pct": 93.92007818035223, "peer_top_exporter": "IND", "supplier_count_latest": 33, "buyer_market_hhi": 8827.54, "distance_km": 6049.916015625, "has_reported_fta": 0, "applied_tariff_pct": null, "tariff_advantage_pp": null, "volatility_cv": 0.70970312365905, "max_drawdown_pct": 94.04584005029493, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']", "signal_flag": "Stable", "confidence_label": "High", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25" } ], "priceSummary": { "exporter_iso3": "PAK", "hs_code": 90931, "num_markets": 51, "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE", "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 18625, "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "UZB", "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 63.63636363636364, "median_price_across_markets": 4805.352798053527, "price_spread_pct": 386.2643268124281, "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 8.875371212121212, "total_trade_value_usd": 3703875 }, "history": [ { "year": 2010, "export_value_usd": 172318.88346273772, "active_destinations": 36, "yoy_growth_pct": -32.09616130747569 }, { "year": 2011, "export_value_usd": 342148.7735895655, "active_destinations": 32, "yoy_growth_pct": 98.55558875156699 }, { "year": 2012, "export_value_usd": 3374780.312718638, "active_destinations": 32, "yoy_growth_pct": 886.3487971366965 }, { "year": 2013, "export_value_usd": 1684343.1942466155, "active_destinations": 28, "yoy_growth_pct": -50.090286235854244 }, { "year": 2014, "export_value_usd": 574000.1255643243, "active_destinations": 22, "yoy_growth_pct": -65.92142696779398 }, { "year": 2015, "export_value_usd": 696562.1899734364, "active_destinations": 27, "yoy_growth_pct": 21.352271358584815 }, { "year": 2016, "export_value_usd": 417826.27136960195, "active_destinations": 27, "yoy_growth_pct": -40.01594152195716 }, { "year": 2017, "export_value_usd": 441781.57695697516, "active_destinations": 27, "yoy_growth_pct": 5.733317225087255 }, { "year": 2018, "export_value_usd": 468068.58423033275, "active_destinations": 25, "yoy_growth_pct": 5.950227135867567 }, { "year": 2019, "export_value_usd": 526056.0426959055, "active_destinations": 25, "yoy_growth_pct": 12.388667049920539 }, { "year": 2020, "export_value_usd": 490976.9800931439, "active_destinations": 30, "yoy_growth_pct": -6.668312832790638 }, { "year": 2021, "export_value_usd": 471740.1272454708, "active_destinations": 38, "yoy_growth_pct": -3.918076330996946 }, { "year": 2022, "export_value_usd": 584931.9920361988, "active_destinations": 32, "yoy_growth_pct": 23.994538147870646 }, { "year": 2023, "export_value_usd": 916940.485017528, "active_destinations": 27, "yoy_growth_pct": 56.760187081848414 }, { "year": 2024, "export_value_usd": 1337841.8355582107, "active_destinations": 36, "yoy_growth_pct": 45.90279930028795 } ], "economy": { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "PAK", "exports_usd": 35181141938.06421, "imports_usd": 62273837932.53882, "trade_balance_usd": -27092695994.47461, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.5001715288244934, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 12.78652901620745, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.624197063826952, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.969171931568985, "export_partner_hhi": 518.3914291163483, "export_product_hhi": 200.54189987167615, "momentum_score": 5.537379189325231, "risk_score": 3.594666644940122, "gdp_million_usd": 371570.0001212658, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1478.7727797799566, "population": 251269164, "labor_force": 83541.55, "investment_rate_pct": 16.65, "savings_rate_pct": 7.46, "secondary_education_pct": 49.04, "tertiary_education_pct": 8.16, "total_factor_productivity": 309.74, "trade_openness_pct": 27.384819034121744, "exports_gdp_pct": 9.885889942893055, "num_active_partners": 1080, "num_fta_partners": 18, "num_wto_partners": 676, "num_eu_partners": 112, "num_shared_border_partners": 8, "num_shared_language_partners": 152, "avg_partner_distance_km": 7549.876543209876, "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193, "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212742, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "pct_partners_with_fta": 1.6666666666666667, "pct_partners_shared_language": 14.074074074074074, "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.7407407407407408, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1304561773384991, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1355130475216751, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.060782053587736966, "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07473099393393812, "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7703.340622551856, "num_border_partners": 147, "num_colonial_partners": 35, "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.598561177916803, "pct_products_high_elasticity": 73.17205762435445, "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.017124218537646, "real_market_potential": 137141.87945829326, "foreign_market_potential": 23394.1787152118 }, "countryMap": {} }, "product": { "hs_code": "090931", "hs_description": "Spices: cumin seeds, neither crushed nor ground", "hs_chapter": 9, "hs_heading": 909 }, "destinations": [ { "hs_code": 90931, "corridor_rank": 87, "exporter_iso3": "PAK", "importer_iso3": "ARE", "latest_data_year": 2024, "lane_data_years": 27, "exports_latest_observed_usd": 227596.97944907652, "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 55895.53750438932, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 112985.6916564181, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 88449.9616558948, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 96239.10899957169, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 58.231759300941974, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 17.579728695093767, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.475533885924506, "exports_historical_peak_usd": 227596.97944907652, "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 85568991.1495753, "historical_peak_year": 2024, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 57.69230769230769, "trend_acceleration_pct": 44.75622541501747, "trend_label": "Rapid growth", "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 42.7025, "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 29.8211, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069, "market_share_latest_pct": 0.2659806740636163, "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.16825784605032348, "peer_best_share_pct": 92.90612817956433, "peer_top_exporter": "IND", "supplier_count_latest": 29, "buyer_market_hhi": 8642.08, "distance_km": 2083.978759765625, "has_reported_fta": 0, "applied_tariff_pct": 0.05214629114545451, "tariff_advantage_pp": null, "volatility_cv": 0.9616921762883668, "max_drawdown_pct": 99.93259388844545, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']", "signal_flag": "Accelerating", "confidence_label": "High", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25" }, { "hs_code": 90931, "corridor_rank": 92, "exporter_iso3": "PAK", "importer_iso3": "GBR", "latest_data_year": 2024, "lane_data_years": 30, "exports_latest_observed_usd": 211767.55146714207, "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 139491.65808600732, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 158698.54794303115, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 177749.71214287364, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 202387.89768258855, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.623249815116331, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.29200225405785, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.219951133159437, "exports_historical_peak_usd": 413366.88562373945, "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17684507.935675308, "historical_peak_year": 2015, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759, "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.843200948275769, "trend_label": "Growing", "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 14.5918, "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.6618, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724, "market_share_latest_pct": 1.1974749438175727, "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5068258211230999, "peer_best_share_pct": 93.92007818035223, "peer_top_exporter": "IND", "supplier_count_latest": 33, "buyer_market_hhi": 8827.54, "distance_km": 6049.916015625, "has_reported_fta": 0, "applied_tariff_pct": null, "tariff_advantage_pp": null, "volatility_cv": 0.70970312365905, "max_drawdown_pct": 94.04584005029493, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']", "signal_flag": "Stable", "confidence_label": "High", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25" } ], "prices": [], "priceSummary": { "exporter_iso3": "PAK", "hs_code": 90931, "num_markets": 51, "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE", "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 18625, "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "UZB", "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 63.63636363636364, "median_price_across_markets": 4805.352798053527, "price_spread_pct": 386.2643268124281, "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 8.875371212121212, "total_trade_value_usd": 3703875 }, "history": [ { "year": 2010, "export_value_usd": 172318.88346273772, "active_destinations": 36, "yoy_growth_pct": -32.09616130747569 }, { "year": 2011, "export_value_usd": 342148.7735895655, "active_destinations": 32, "yoy_growth_pct": 98.55558875156699 }, { "year": 2012, "export_value_usd": 3374780.312718638, "active_destinations": 32, "yoy_growth_pct": 886.3487971366965 }, { "year": 2013, "export_value_usd": 1684343.1942466155, "active_destinations": 28, "yoy_growth_pct": -50.090286235854244 }, { "year": 2014, "export_value_usd": 574000.1255643243, "active_destinations": 22, "yoy_growth_pct": -65.92142696779398 }, { "year": 2015, "export_value_usd": 696562.1899734364, "active_destinations": 27, "yoy_growth_pct": 21.352271358584815 }, { "year": 2016, "export_value_usd": 417826.27136960195, "active_destinations": 27, "yoy_growth_pct": -40.01594152195716 }, { "year": 2017, "export_value_usd": 441781.57695697516, "active_destinations": 27, "yoy_growth_pct": 5.733317225087255 }, { "year": 2018, "export_value_usd": 468068.58423033275, "active_destinations": 25, "yoy_growth_pct": 5.950227135867567 }, { "year": 2019, "export_value_usd": 526056.0426959055, "active_destinations": 25, "yoy_growth_pct": 12.388667049920539 }, { "year": 2020, "export_value_usd": 490976.9800931439, "active_destinations": 30, "yoy_growth_pct": -6.668312832790638 }, { "year": 2021, "export_value_usd": 471740.1272454708, "active_destinations": 38, "yoy_growth_pct": -3.918076330996946 }, { "year": 2022, "export_value_usd": 584931.9920361988, "active_destinations": 32, "yoy_growth_pct": 23.994538147870646 }, { "year": 2023, "export_value_usd": 916940.485017528, "active_destinations": 27, "yoy_growth_pct": 56.760187081848414 }, { "year": 2024, "export_value_usd": 1337841.8355582107, "active_destinations": 36, "yoy_growth_pct": 45.90279930028795 } ], "economy": { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "PAK", "exports_usd": 35181141938.06421, "imports_usd": 62273837932.53882, "trade_balance_usd": -27092695994.47461, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.5001715288244934, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 12.78652901620745, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.624197063826952, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.969171931568985, "export_partner_hhi": 518.3914291163483, "export_product_hhi": 200.54189987167615, "momentum_score": 5.537379189325231, "risk_score": 3.594666644940122, "gdp_million_usd": 371570.0001212658, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1478.7727797799566, "population": 251269164, "labor_force": 83541.55, "investment_rate_pct": 16.65, "savings_rate_pct": 7.46, "secondary_education_pct": 49.04, "tertiary_education_pct": 8.16, "total_factor_productivity": 309.74, "trade_openness_pct": 27.384819034121744, "exports_gdp_pct": 9.885889942893055, "num_active_partners": 1080, "num_fta_partners": 18, "num_wto_partners": 676, "num_eu_partners": 112, "num_shared_border_partners": 8, "num_shared_language_partners": 152, "avg_partner_distance_km": 7549.876543209876, "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193, "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212742, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "pct_partners_with_fta": 1.6666666666666667, "pct_partners_shared_language": 14.074074074074074, "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.7407407407407408, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1304561773384991, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1355130475216751, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.060782053587736966, "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07473099393393812, "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7703.340622551856, "num_border_partners": 147, "num_colonial_partners": 35, "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.598561177916803, "pct_products_high_elasticity": 73.17205762435445, "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.017124218537646, "real_market_potential": 137141.87945829326, "foreign_market_potential": 23394.1787152118 } } ```