{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/nld/731581",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731581",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/nld/731581",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731581",
    "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 171,
    "current_lane_count": 131,
    "active_market_count": 131,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 7412752.254059922,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 6722757.902579751,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7949360.145973372,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6828113.705828397,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5332323.455210296,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.028385840603255,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 12.41789232958177,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.7183307844314646,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 5283521.99935749,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 25402652.721293118,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.31005505617179,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1301755.0689417073,
    "top_market_share_pct": 17.561022199666034,
    "destination_hhi": 551.5791766499046,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 14.210673440037377,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 3.412015518012529,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2124401133816278,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 94.63888505790806,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 26.900584795321638,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:34",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731581,
      "hs_description": "Chain: stud-link chain, of iron or steel",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7315,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.1272378,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Chain: stud-link chain, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 731581,
        "corridor_rank": 10,
        "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 305048.3973829364,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 170109.45770273125,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 182687.4080674808,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 222730.61242306448,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 166592.07657153148,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -14.421610375040473,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 34.917933708806224,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 29.247892169805457,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 486716.8908371244,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15182638.587331837,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -43.669502544845926,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 28.9442,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.7275,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.0091922469752004,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.8104559541500855,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 51.836859257765965,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 31,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4019.74,
        "distance_km": 5866.0458984375,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0467447546369697,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7858585933125216,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.22192859863532,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 731581,
        "corridor_rank": 33,
        "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
        "importer_iso3": "CHL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 17,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 30203.429257937536,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 17765.243431178904,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10134.43296802292,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7655.542143078664,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8105.047102643608,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 416.761589159269,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 24.984831214824332,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 55.000380960342895,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 46423.65712207076,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12789029.716588996,
        "historical_peak_year": 1997,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.5,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 361.7612081989261,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 73.3058,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 25.891,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.23616669854758296,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2335726831951399,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 97.31468227630057,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 10,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9472.74,
        "distance_km": 12027.1611328125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0882252082408081,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0910963274106879,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9425060060335215,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98180801134411,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": 731581,
      "num_markets": 121,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ISL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 858500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 3.558691591705422,
      "median_price_across_markets": 4026.2348471141668,
      "price_spread_pct": 21322.562490952107,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 48.47489119170984,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 22990609
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 3384085.7403052803,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.933977493902271
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 4685086.358338041,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.444670669467044
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 5665223.879092399,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.92037255642062
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 4819316.9012445565,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.93157191844926
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 6258385.000700317,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.86041650600173
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 2257674.9907104955,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -63.92559757097301
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 3454614.8318258524,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.01648138196708
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 4475851.663272674,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.56152512397661
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 5250227.6346119465,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.301198287993763
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 3744296.902540009,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -28.683151224608633
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 4320871.823037583,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.398750032521319
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 5971616.268184289,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.2039669944717
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 8889427.74754113,
        "active_destinations": 76,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 48.861335831346395
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 8235894.787799234,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.351800119222155
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 6722757.902579749,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.372464974431995
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
      "exports_usd": 603610428740.4897,
      "imports_usd": 645561033336.487,
      "trade_balance_usd": -41950604595.997314,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -8.008916915796272,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -4.722721439157751,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.645767218835581,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.38272554667302394,
      "export_partner_hhi": 781.9067457409539,
      "export_product_hhi": 96.24022744820329,
      "momentum_score": -6.0999720067080645,
      "risk_score": 4.390734865945785,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1214927.698572656,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 67520.42189562811,
      "population": 17993485,
      "labor_force": 9144.03,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.01,
      "savings_rate_pct": 30.56,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.03,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 28.63,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2497.15,
      "trade_openness_pct": 121.93359096967393,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 58.919363239933645,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 3,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6678.971193415638,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 1.1111111111111112,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925509,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024784923491291175,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10573883182796391,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6651.770600909362,
      "num_border_partners": 70,
      "num_colonial_partners": 165,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.866256815759774,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.88850174216027,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.671312427409988,
      "real_market_potential": 1402598.844325892,
      "foreign_market_potential": 50503.726227131716
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731581",
    "hs_description": "Chain: stud-link chain, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 731581,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 305048.3973829364,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 170109.45770273125,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 182687.4080674808,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 222730.61242306448,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 166592.07657153148,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -14.421610375040473,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 34.917933708806224,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 29.247892169805457,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 486716.8908371244,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15182638.587331837,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -43.669502544845926,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 28.9442,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.7275,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.0091922469752004,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.8104559541500855,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 51.836859257765965,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 31,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4019.74,
      "distance_km": 5866.0458984375,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7858585933125216,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.22192859863532,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 731581,
      "corridor_rank": 33,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "CHL",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 17,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 30203.429257937536,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 17765.243431178904,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10134.43296802292,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7655.542143078664,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8105.047102643608,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 416.761589159269,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 24.984831214824332,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 55.000380960342895,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 46423.65712207076,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12789029.716588996,
      "historical_peak_year": 1997,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.5,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 361.7612081989261,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 73.3058,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 25.891,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.23616669854758296,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2335726831951399,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 97.31468227630057,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 10,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 9472.74,
      "distance_km": 12027.1611328125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0882252082408081,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0910963274106879,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9425060060335215,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98180801134411,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
    "hs_code": 731581,
    "num_markets": 121,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ISL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 858500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 3.558691591705422,
    "median_price_across_markets": 4026.2348471141668,
    "price_spread_pct": 21322.562490952107,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 48.47489119170984,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 22990609
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 3384085.7403052803,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.933977493902271
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 4685086.358338041,
      "active_destinations": 73,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.444670669467044
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 5665223.879092399,
      "active_destinations": 75,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.92037255642062
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 4819316.9012445565,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.93157191844926
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 6258385.000700317,
      "active_destinations": 73,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.86041650600173
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 2257674.9907104955,
      "active_destinations": 72,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -63.92559757097301
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 3454614.8318258524,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.01648138196708
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 4475851.663272674,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.56152512397661
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 5250227.6346119465,
      "active_destinations": 86,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.301198287993763
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 3744296.902540009,
      "active_destinations": 84,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.683151224608633
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 4320871.823037583,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.398750032521319
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 5971616.268184289,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.2039669944717
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 8889427.74754113,
      "active_destinations": 76,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 48.861335831346395
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 8235894.787799234,
      "active_destinations": 83,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.351800119222155
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 6722757.902579749,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.372464974431995
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "NLD",
    "exports_usd": 603610428740.4897,
    "imports_usd": 645561033336.487,
    "trade_balance_usd": -41950604595.997314,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -8.008916915796272,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -4.722721439157751,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.645767218835581,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.38272554667302394,
    "export_partner_hhi": 781.9067457409539,
    "export_product_hhi": 96.24022744820329,
    "momentum_score": -6.0999720067080645,
    "risk_score": 4.390734865945785,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1214927.698572656,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 67520.42189562811,
    "population": 17993485,
    "labor_force": 9144.03,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.01,
    "savings_rate_pct": 30.56,
    "secondary_education_pct": 95.03,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 28.63,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2497.15,
    "trade_openness_pct": 121.93359096967393,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 58.919363239933645,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 3,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6678.971193415638,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 1.1111111111111112,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925509,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024784923491291175,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10573883182796391,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6651.770600909362,
    "num_border_partners": 70,
    "num_colonial_partners": 165,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.866256815759774,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.88850174216027,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.671312427409988,
    "real_market_potential": 1402598.844325892,
    "foreign_market_potential": 50503.726227131716
  }
}