{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/nld/401320",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/401320",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/nld/401320",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "401320",
    "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 147,
    "current_lane_count": 57,
    "active_market_count": 57,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 4810739.598819747,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 4682338.576886277,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5148339.558888587,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5159324.645765754,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4605825.629405666,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.410853042227639,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.2944719878352995,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.14089940388261057,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 4106586.6754553327,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 20730021.35108356,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.269953638345028,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "BEL",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1838228.8814892322,
    "top_market_share_pct": 38.210941243633684,
    "destination_hhi": 1825.8731534529275,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 18.188256867728672,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.7647250529869734,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9707067808076348,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 83.74018464349288,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 47.61904761904762,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:34",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 401320,
      "hs_description": "Rubber: inner tubes, of a kind used on bicycles",
      "hs_chapter": 40,
      "hs_heading": 4013,
      "substitution_elasticity": -4.9005871,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Rubber: inner tubes, of a kind used on bicycles",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4013,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 401320,
        "corridor_rank": 21,
        "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 645741.5752087006,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 868058.7928249795,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 899543.6955048289,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 942129.6480609954,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 817817.8225596857,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -16.916564725934947,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.830257159175111,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.5226502530777184,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5776993.905443213,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 19340640.041117415,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.39391447285723,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 19.7617,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.5737,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.338780794409492,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.8410881063806688,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 51.08082323025365,
        "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
        "supplier_count_latest": 43,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3452.32,
        "distance_km": 173.52386474609375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1780954955923526,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.04150636680583,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 401320,
        "corridor_rank": 35,
        "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 286550.668293825,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 413624.5926908233,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 439007.9825972652,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 494954.8248069521,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 398444.73334487306,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -24.63552321681496,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.5318080246470744,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.986872214291892,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5229072.855253766,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13572397.510094944,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -20.648651002523067,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 16.523,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.3552,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.1112752413911617,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.57064496251214,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 59.63829759935331,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 43,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3824.94,
        "distance_km": 427.9169006347656,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 2.206918320386345,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.67957092129144,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": 401320,
      "num_markets": 91,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 350000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 145.83333333333334,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10094.488188976378,
      "price_spread_pct": 3465.794006760271,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 29.989776173285204,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 18746920
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 3515753.775971129,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.69608111797661
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 4234157.903963614,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.43385782310782
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 4453107.929862123,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.171040638176215
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 5103273.692228362,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.600269578158853
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 4748826.60537538,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.945484569890101
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 4473859.007420437,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.790221896998648
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 3575491.1381634763,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.08037955078399
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 3354460.0979853654,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.181837169694168
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 4467119.537478327,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.16955357916485
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 4390703.284180277,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.7106382011256072
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 4452547.921067246,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.4085360108435407
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 5899056.63109577,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.48721261784432
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 5897411.200163149,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.027893119790492603
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 4865268.899616332,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.50161665034081
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 4682338.576886277,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.759922144169271
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
      "exports_usd": 603610428740.4897,
      "imports_usd": 645561033336.487,
      "trade_balance_usd": -41950604595.997314,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -8.008916915796272,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -4.722721439157751,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.645767218835581,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.38272554667302394,
      "export_partner_hhi": 781.9067457409539,
      "export_product_hhi": 96.24022744820329,
      "momentum_score": -6.0999720067080645,
      "risk_score": 4.390734865945785,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1214927.698572656,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 67520.42189562811,
      "population": 17993485,
      "labor_force": 9144.03,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.01,
      "savings_rate_pct": 30.56,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.03,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 28.63,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2497.15,
      "trade_openness_pct": 121.93359096967393,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 58.919363239933645,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 3,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6678.971193415638,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 1.1111111111111112,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925509,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024784923491291175,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10573883182796391,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6651.770600909362,
      "num_border_partners": 70,
      "num_colonial_partners": 165,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.866256815759774,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.88850174216027,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.671312427409988,
      "real_market_potential": 1402598.844325892,
      "foreign_market_potential": 50503.726227131716
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "401320",
    "hs_description": "Rubber: inner tubes, of a kind used on bicycles",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4013
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 401320,
      "corridor_rank": 21,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 645741.5752087006,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 868058.7928249795,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 899543.6955048289,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 942129.6480609954,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 817817.8225596857,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -16.916564725934947,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.830257159175111,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.5226502530777184,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5776993.905443213,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 19340640.041117415,
      "historical_peak_year": 2007,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.39391447285723,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 19.7617,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.5737,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.338780794409492,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.8410881063806688,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 51.08082323025365,
      "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
      "supplier_count_latest": 43,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3452.32,
      "distance_km": 173.52386474609375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1780954955923526,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 96.04150636680583,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Slowing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 401320,
      "corridor_rank": 35,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 286550.668293825,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 413624.5926908233,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 439007.9825972652,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 494954.8248069521,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 398444.73334487306,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -24.63552321681496,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.5318080246470744,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.986872214291892,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5229072.855253766,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13572397.510094944,
      "historical_peak_year": 2007,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -20.648651002523067,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 16.523,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.3552,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.1112752413911617,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.57064496251214,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 59.63829759935331,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 43,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3824.94,
      "distance_km": 427.9169006347656,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 2.206918320386345,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 96.67957092129144,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
    "hs_code": 401320,
    "num_markets": 91,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "RUS",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 350000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 145.83333333333334,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10094.488188976378,
    "price_spread_pct": 3465.794006760271,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 29.989776173285204,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 18746920
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 3515753.775971129,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.69608111797661
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 4234157.903963614,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.43385782310782
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 4453107.929862123,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.171040638176215
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 5103273.692228362,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.600269578158853
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 4748826.60537538,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.945484569890101
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 4473859.007420437,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.790221896998648
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 3575491.1381634763,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.08037955078399
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 3354460.0979853654,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.181837169694168
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 4467119.537478327,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.16955357916485
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 4390703.284180277,
      "active_destinations": 57,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.7106382011256072
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 4452547.921067246,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.4085360108435407
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 5899056.63109577,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.48721261784432
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 5897411.200163149,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.027893119790492603
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 4865268.899616332,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.50161665034081
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 4682338.576886277,
      "active_destinations": 57,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.759922144169271
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "NLD",
    "exports_usd": 603610428740.4897,
    "imports_usd": 645561033336.487,
    "trade_balance_usd": -41950604595.997314,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -8.008916915796272,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -4.722721439157751,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.645767218835581,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.38272554667302394,
    "export_partner_hhi": 781.9067457409539,
    "export_product_hhi": 96.24022744820329,
    "momentum_score": -6.0999720067080645,
    "risk_score": 4.390734865945785,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1214927.698572656,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 67520.42189562811,
    "population": 17993485,
    "labor_force": 9144.03,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.01,
    "savings_rate_pct": 30.56,
    "secondary_education_pct": 95.03,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 28.63,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2497.15,
    "trade_openness_pct": 121.93359096967393,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 58.919363239933645,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 3,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6678.971193415638,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 1.1111111111111112,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925509,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024784923491291175,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10573883182796391,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6651.770600909362,
    "num_border_partners": 70,
    "num_colonial_partners": 165,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.866256815759774,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.88850174216027,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.671312427409988,
    "real_market_potential": 1402598.844325892,
    "foreign_market_potential": 50503.726227131716
  }
}