# Netherlands HS 281820 exports | Yugalinks

Explore reported HS 281820 exports from Netherlands: destinations, growth, concentration, prices, and history.

## Exporter position

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Exporter | Netherlands |
| HS6 | 281820 |
| Latest exports | $209.7M |
| Active destinations | 92 |
| Three-year growth | -4.4% |
| Destination HHI | 4,075 |
| Weighted share | 35.3% |

## Destination markets

- Germany: $129.5M; share 50.1%; growth -7.9%
- France: $31.6M; share 8.2%; growth +75%

## Price intelligence

- Highest reported market price: Chile at $3.0M / ton.
- Lowest reported market price: Ghana at $36.8 / ton.
- Median reported price: $1.4K / ton.
- Price spread: 217,910.6%.

## Export history

- 2010: $97.9M
- 2011: $124.3M
- 2012: $105.3M
- 2013: $164.5M
- 2014: $174.8M
- 2015: $129.8M
- 2016: $109.8M
- 2017: $133.4M
- 2018: $150.5M
- 2019: $132.0M
- 2020: $166.1M
- 2021: $230.6M
- 2022: $215.3M
- 2023: $186.4M
- 2024: $201.4M

## Methods

Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.

Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed.

## Complete structured values

```json
{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/nld/281820",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/281820",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/nld/281820",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "281820",
    "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 172,
    "current_lane_count": 92,
    "active_market_count": 92,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 209741741.9886023,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 201398043.87965745,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 201042683.43396997,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 199960387.4889399,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 165525577.47988024,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.406630680308066,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.811689378764797,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.4240560337551278,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 124665997.26514967,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 443431483.55925775,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.8306867140631935,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 129540363.02898839,
    "top_market_share_pct": 61.761841873148846,
    "destination_hhi": 4074.558633416128,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 35.254385147526364,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 6.2496829546672314,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.949370438780031,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 92.8649745305849,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 30.813953488372093,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:34",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 281820,
      "hs_description": "Aluminium oxide: other than artificial corundum",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2818,
      "substitution_elasticity": -31.429192,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Aluminium oxide: other than artificial corundum",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2818,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 281820,
        "corridor_rank": 30,
        "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 129540363.02898839,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 61898290.313575,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 132522236.76961826,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 134146006.23590592,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 102480852.611986,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.925561576726126,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.800839547198997,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.701382760495143,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 165954056.9341148,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 258613328.00511396,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.626944337221268,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.0412,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.5771,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 50.09036619583148,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.772796729526476,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 50.09036619583148,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
        "supplier_count_latest": 48,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2817.42,
        "distance_km": 173.52386474609375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6820411488850241,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.31550971143082,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281820,
        "corridor_rank": 74,
        "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 31611432.455664642,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3941321.198229922,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 18953181.276274353,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 12817080.761868069,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7244438.822794115,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 74.95483659734478,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 78.97156005372068,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 43.53710068777084,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 31611432.455664642,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 385026843.80201155,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 31.417735909573942,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 39.8693,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.1931,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 8.210189228239855,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.2876976935286661,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 55.48171324080706,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IRL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 54,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3482.34,
        "distance_km": 427.9169006347656,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5670259841312424,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 91.29380662107445,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": 281820,
      "num_markets": 117,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2971000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 36.7569030223885,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1363.3860756103572,
      "price_spread_pct": 217910.63413691855,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3938.6511048593347,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 865078204
    },
    "history": [
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        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 97876999.25776719,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.60996088916134
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 124256256.17538875,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.951436106198567
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 105320848.49582732,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.23899742547687
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 164542740.0051226,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 56.229979491327
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 174841894.81942368,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.259258119793336
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 129787278.7117043,
        "active_destinations": 150,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.76877592996329
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 109753411.53310099,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.435925136472283
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 133357227.4473388,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.50622525944812
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 150524442.3562171,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.873104246005273
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 132031477.30574182,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.285689128621081
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      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 166120269.84911945,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.818685997460378
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      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 230553617.2936702,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.78716757628256
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      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 215283118.19475007,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.623404689187405
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      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 186446888.22750238,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.39456164006403
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      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 201398043.87965745,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.018989104238457
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    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
      "exports_usd": 603610428740.4897,
      "imports_usd": 645561033336.487,
      "trade_balance_usd": -41950604595.997314,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -8.008916915796272,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -4.722721439157751,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.645767218835581,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.38272554667302394,
      "export_partner_hhi": 781.9067457409539,
      "export_product_hhi": 96.24022744820329,
      "momentum_score": -6.0999720067080645,
      "risk_score": 4.390734865945785,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1214927.698572656,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 67520.42189562811,
      "population": 17993485,
      "labor_force": 9144.03,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.01,
      "savings_rate_pct": 30.56,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.03,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 28.63,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2497.15,
      "trade_openness_pct": 121.93359096967393,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 58.919363239933645,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 3,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6678.971193415638,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 1.1111111111111112,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925509,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024784923491291175,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10573883182796391,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6651.770600909362,
      "num_border_partners": 70,
      "num_colonial_partners": 165,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.866256815759774,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.88850174216027,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.671312427409988,
      "real_market_potential": 1402598.844325892,
      "foreign_market_potential": 50503.726227131716
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "281820",
    "hs_description": "Aluminium oxide: other than artificial corundum",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2818
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 281820,
      "corridor_rank": 30,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 129540363.02898839,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 61898290.313575,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 132522236.76961826,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 134146006.23590592,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 102480852.611986,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.925561576726126,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.800839547198997,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.701382760495143,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 165954056.9341148,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 258613328.00511396,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.626944337221268,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.0412,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.5771,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 50.09036619583148,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.772796729526476,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 50.09036619583148,
      "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
      "supplier_count_latest": 48,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2817.42,
      "distance_km": 173.52386474609375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6820411488850241,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 92.31550971143082,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 281820,
      "corridor_rank": 74,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 31611432.455664642,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3941321.198229922,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 18953181.276274353,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 12817080.761868069,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7244438.822794115,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 74.95483659734478,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 78.97156005372068,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 43.53710068777084,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 31611432.455664642,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 385026843.80201155,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 31.417735909573942,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 39.8693,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.1931,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 8.210189228239855,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.2876976935286661,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 55.48171324080706,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IRL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 54,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3482.34,
      "distance_km": 427.9169006347656,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5670259841312424,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 91.29380662107445,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
    "hs_code": 281820,
    "num_markets": 117,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2971000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GHA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 36.7569030223885,
    "median_price_across_markets": 1363.3860756103572,
    "price_spread_pct": 217910.63413691855,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3938.6511048593347,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 865078204
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 97876999.25776719,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.60996088916134
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 124256256.17538875,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.951436106198567
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 105320848.49582732,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.23899742547687
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 164542740.0051226,
      "active_destinations": 79,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 56.229979491327
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 174841894.81942368,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.259258119793336
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 129787278.7117043,
      "active_destinations": 150,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.76877592996329
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 109753411.53310099,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.435925136472283
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 133357227.4473388,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.50622525944812
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 150524442.3562171,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.873104246005273
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 132031477.30574182,
      "active_destinations": 86,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.285689128621081
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 166120269.84911945,
      "active_destinations": 85,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.818685997460378
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 230553617.2936702,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.78716757628256
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 215283118.19475007,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.623404689187405
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      "export_value_usd": 186446888.22750238,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.39456164006403
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 201398043.87965745,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.018989104238457
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "NLD",
    "exports_usd": 603610428740.4897,
    "imports_usd": 645561033336.487,
    "trade_balance_usd": -41950604595.997314,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -8.008916915796272,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -4.722721439157751,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.645767218835581,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.38272554667302394,
    "export_partner_hhi": 781.9067457409539,
    "export_product_hhi": 96.24022744820329,
    "momentum_score": -6.0999720067080645,
    "risk_score": 4.390734865945785,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1214927.698572656,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 67520.42189562811,
    "population": 17993485,
    "labor_force": 9144.03,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.01,
    "savings_rate_pct": 30.56,
    "secondary_education_pct": 95.03,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 28.63,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2497.15,
    "trade_openness_pct": 121.93359096967393,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 58.919363239933645,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 3,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6678.971193415638,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 1.1111111111111112,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925509,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024784923491291175,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10573883182796391,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6651.770600909362,
    "num_border_partners": 70,
    "num_colonial_partners": 165,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.866256815759774,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.88850174216027,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.671312427409988,
    "real_market_potential": 1402598.844325892,
    "foreign_market_potential": 50503.726227131716
  }
}
```