{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/mkd/860799",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/860799",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/mkd/860799",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "860799",
    "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 33,
    "current_lane_count": 16,
    "active_market_count": 16,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 461364.2388280846,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 366783.34568810154,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 335753.8394280135,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 216944.18189895045,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 234506.69040604337,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 244.3620448526053,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 42.87814597004822,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 24.41502133075053,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 855981.9056664245,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 2862178.4743400468,
    "historical_peak_year": 2004,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 219.94702352185476,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 152048.16118455125,
    "top_market_share_pct": 32.95620864997472,
    "destination_hhi": 1551.9883818191329,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 0.08813334534204781,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.01282911285161551,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2026760157986132,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.73795696360145,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 57.57575757575758,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 78,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:25",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 860799,
      "hs_description": "Railway or tramway rolling stock: parts n.e.c. in heading no. 8607",
      "hs_chapter": 86,
      "hs_heading": 8607,
      "substitution_elasticity": -22.809309,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Railway or tramway rolling stock: parts n.e.c. in heading no. 8607",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8607,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": 860799,
      "num_markets": 23,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MNE",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 513000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BGR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 189.03988509556956,
      "median_price_across_markets": 25686.3309352518,
      "price_spread_pct": 1996.4352301134804,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2.61625,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1684861
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 69885.0928769987,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 65.17058270712674
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 17938.14383056412,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -74.33194535187044
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 57703.78314029034,
        "active_destinations": 1,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 221.6820184146983
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 3156.9077397508936,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -94.52911478598244
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 41274.462291822245,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1207.4332763072493
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 56211.6568052004,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 36.18991910244141
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 239634.794399315,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 326.30800801648894
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 712859.4656197267,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 197.4774457968965
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 190040.09684606423,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -73.34115544347128
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 61599.980895375,
        "active_destinations": 1,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -67.5857979880572
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 68477.58307657813,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.164942068544542
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 8981.80813413356,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -86.88357893109449
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 395684.5274181418,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4305.3994642172565
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 244793.6451777971,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.13413762345322
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 366783.34568810154,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.83368764401608
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MKD",
      "exports_usd": 8831053392.989801,
      "imports_usd": 11187546878.64174,
      "trade_balance_usd": -2356493485.6519394,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -5.6496486272974655,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8544939535283689,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.3712374891684087,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.7735768798242226,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1617.3266207278066,
      "export_product_hhi": 538.8921544456343,
      "momentum_score": -3.543382792357703,
      "risk_score": 10.781093875867205,
      "gdp_million_usd": 16951.6822454202,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 9291.85661671864,
      "population": 1824359,
      "labor_force": 949,
      "investment_rate_pct": 26.92,
      "savings_rate_pct": 15.86,
      "secondary_education_pct": 92.64,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 25.53,
      "total_factor_productivity": 564.51,
      "trade_openness_pct": 147.11673133762523,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 64.89942812264457,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 36,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 4,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6453.814814814815,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 13.333333333333334,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.4814814814814816,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1049075905221974,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.11045196049217888,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.021126087240615897,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.08932587325156299,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6470.458390784242,
      "num_border_partners": 90,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.304610070590353,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 71.93138124815144,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.1943212067435667,
      "real_market_potential": 75028590.67146744,
      "foreign_market_potential": 524812.4069814223
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "860799",
    "hs_description": "Railway or tramway rolling stock: parts n.e.c. in heading no. 8607",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8607
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
    "hs_code": 860799,
    "num_markets": 23,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MNE",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 513000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BGR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 189.03988509556956,
    "median_price_across_markets": 25686.3309352518,
    "price_spread_pct": 1996.4352301134804,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2.61625,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 1684861
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 69885.0928769987,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 65.17058270712674
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 17938.14383056412,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -74.33194535187044
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 57703.78314029034,
      "active_destinations": 1,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 221.6820184146983
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 3156.9077397508936,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -94.52911478598244
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 41274.462291822245,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1207.4332763072493
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 56211.6568052004,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.18991910244141
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 239634.794399315,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 326.30800801648894
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 712859.4656197267,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 197.4774457968965
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 190040.09684606423,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -73.34115544347128
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 61599.980895375,
      "active_destinations": 1,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -67.5857979880572
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 68477.58307657813,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.164942068544542
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 8981.80813413356,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -86.88357893109449
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 395684.5274181418,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4305.3994642172565
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 244793.6451777971,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.13413762345322
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 366783.34568810154,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.83368764401608
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "MKD",
    "exports_usd": 8831053392.989801,
    "imports_usd": 11187546878.64174,
    "trade_balance_usd": -2356493485.6519394,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -5.6496486272974655,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8544939535283689,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.3712374891684087,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.7735768798242226,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1617.3266207278066,
    "export_product_hhi": 538.8921544456343,
    "momentum_score": -3.543382792357703,
    "risk_score": 10.781093875867205,
    "gdp_million_usd": 16951.6822454202,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 9291.85661671864,
    "population": 1824359,
    "labor_force": 949,
    "investment_rate_pct": 26.92,
    "savings_rate_pct": 15.86,
    "secondary_education_pct": 92.64,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 25.53,
    "total_factor_productivity": 564.51,
    "trade_openness_pct": 147.11673133762523,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 64.89942812264457,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 36,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 4,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6453.814814814815,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 13.333333333333334,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.4814814814814816,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1049075905221974,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.11045196049217888,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.021126087240615897,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.08932587325156299,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6470.458390784242,
    "num_border_partners": 90,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.304610070590353,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 71.93138124815144,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.1943212067435667,
    "real_market_potential": 75028590.67146744,
    "foreign_market_potential": 524812.4069814223
  }
}