{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/mkd/410712",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/410712",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/mkd/410712",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "410712",
    "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 28,
    "current_lane_count": 9,
    "active_market_count": 9,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 434179.17767654307,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 241829.21714968723,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 367766.27573650883,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 421811.62110728415,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 455544.5815943012,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.80492932229493,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -21.657020237801806,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.509400925218541,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 838943.9568058905,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 3641643.5724834427,
    "historical_peak_year": 1995,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 42.30769230769231,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.314330247513471,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "TUR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 148884.11049797654,
    "top_market_share_pct": 34.29093750988053,
    "destination_hhi": 1613.0058128410842,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 1.4713000803823577,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.1463904470770283,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.620822512796578,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 55.6709706496722,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 57.142857142857146,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 74.5,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:25",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 410712,
      "hs_description": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, whole hides and skins, grain splits",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4107,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.1337252,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, whole hides and skins, grain splits",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4107,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": 410712,
      "num_markets": 18,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 93187.5,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "POL",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 875,
      "median_price_across_markets": 27423.351158645273,
      "price_spread_pct": 336.6200559004193,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.613377777777778,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 5427048
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 131085.60310021983,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 66.72341708568744
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 238196.63686134494,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 81.71075330006663
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 417964.9922084248,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 75.47056823129019
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 295633.8850091549,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.268266357165995
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 311803.7821351219,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.469568255163385
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 171020.2108343137,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -45.15133534839511
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 239151.57513681598,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.8381945444499
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 326115.43922168657,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 36.363492080334204
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 890677.1249173436,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 173.11712902739316
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 819423.3602964305,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.999954487157796
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 818016.5795785679,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.17167935233793474
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 187742.69874832666,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -77.04903501527446
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 488993.4807518119,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 160.45938617688603
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 372476.12930802733,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.82799690184884
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 241829.21714968723,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.07524425821628
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MKD",
      "exports_usd": 8831053392.989801,
      "imports_usd": 11187546878.64174,
      "trade_balance_usd": -2356493485.6519394,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -5.6496486272974655,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8544939535283689,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.3712374891684087,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.7735768798242226,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1617.3266207278066,
      "export_product_hhi": 538.8921544456343,
      "momentum_score": -3.543382792357703,
      "risk_score": 10.781093875867205,
      "gdp_million_usd": 16951.6822454202,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 9291.85661671864,
      "population": 1824359,
      "labor_force": 949,
      "investment_rate_pct": 26.92,
      "savings_rate_pct": 15.86,
      "secondary_education_pct": 92.64,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 25.53,
      "total_factor_productivity": 564.51,
      "trade_openness_pct": 147.11673133762523,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 64.89942812264457,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 36,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 4,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6453.814814814815,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 13.333333333333334,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.4814814814814816,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1049075905221974,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.11045196049217888,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.021126087240615897,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.08932587325156299,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6470.458390784242,
      "num_border_partners": 90,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.304610070590353,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 71.93138124815144,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.1943212067435667,
      "real_market_potential": 75028590.67146744,
      "foreign_market_potential": 524812.4069814223
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "410712",
    "hs_description": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, whole hides and skins, grain splits",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4107
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
    "hs_code": 410712,
    "num_markets": 18,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "DEU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 93187.5,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "POL",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 875,
    "median_price_across_markets": 27423.351158645273,
    "price_spread_pct": 336.6200559004193,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.613377777777778,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 5427048
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 131085.60310021983,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 66.72341708568744
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 238196.63686134494,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 81.71075330006663
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 417964.9922084248,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 75.47056823129019
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 295633.8850091549,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.268266357165995
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 311803.7821351219,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.469568255163385
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 171020.2108343137,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -45.15133534839511
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 239151.57513681598,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.8381945444499
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 326115.43922168657,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.363492080334204
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 890677.1249173436,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 173.11712902739316
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 819423.3602964305,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.999954487157796
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 818016.5795785679,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.17167935233793474
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 187742.69874832666,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -77.04903501527446
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 488993.4807518119,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 160.45938617688603
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 372476.12930802733,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.82799690184884
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 241829.21714968723,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.07524425821628
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "MKD",
    "exports_usd": 8831053392.989801,
    "imports_usd": 11187546878.64174,
    "trade_balance_usd": -2356493485.6519394,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -5.6496486272974655,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8544939535283689,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.3712374891684087,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.7735768798242226,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1617.3266207278066,
    "export_product_hhi": 538.8921544456343,
    "momentum_score": -3.543382792357703,
    "risk_score": 10.781093875867205,
    "gdp_million_usd": 16951.6822454202,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 9291.85661671864,
    "population": 1824359,
    "labor_force": 949,
    "investment_rate_pct": 26.92,
    "savings_rate_pct": 15.86,
    "secondary_education_pct": 92.64,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 25.53,
    "total_factor_productivity": 564.51,
    "trade_openness_pct": 147.11673133762523,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 64.89942812264457,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 36,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 4,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6453.814814814815,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 13.333333333333334,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.4814814814814816,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1049075905221974,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.11045196049217888,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.021126087240615897,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.08932587325156299,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6470.458390784242,
    "num_border_partners": 90,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.304610070590353,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 71.93138124815144,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.1943212067435667,
    "real_market_potential": 75028590.67146744,
    "foreign_market_potential": 524812.4069814223
  }
}