{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/mkd/281121",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/281121",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/mkd/281121",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "281121",
    "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 26,
    "current_lane_count": 13,
    "active_market_count": 13,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 11589902.937417366,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 11509369.151154224,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10023824.900821092,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7411286.598957559,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5477280.60959015,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 42.4194067515615,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 23.70391732243302,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.628376272430897,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 4204569.520989199,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 12918646.29396257,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 29.791030479130605,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "GRC",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 3962873.916464104,
    "top_market_share_pct": 34.19246854665351,
    "destination_hhi": 2213.1995261084116,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 60.729042791298276,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7633870390734175,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9755195071535957,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 57.514532221921655,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 50,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 86.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:25",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 281121,
      "hs_description": "Carbon dioxide",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2811,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.9404755,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Carbon dioxide",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2811,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 281121,
        "corridor_rank": 40,
        "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 8,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2693257.47441617,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 759425.7139522885,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2014240.5233063176,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1208799.4310197711,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 867914.9558538932,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1183.1489806717047,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 143.58486246827812,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 338.6725750168443,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2693257.47441617,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 22246533.163734313,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 71.42857142857143,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 844.4764056548604,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.9667,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 19.2207,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 12.10641431001323,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.192832603418127,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.306810622241635,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
        "supplier_count_latest": 36,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1726.23,
        "distance_km": 742.0995483398438,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.010648395458404764,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03831810586329532,
        "volatility_cv": 1.3897671897334714,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99754268788176,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": 281121,
      "num_markets": 16,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5714.285714285714,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CYP",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 52.64886613021214,
      "median_price_across_markets": 139.30098904036356,
      "price_spread_pct": 4064.3192034444196,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4769.840865384615,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 26074773
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 3901240.2370205005,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.87419057010907
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 4387249.328203669,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.457809867006517
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 3552608.367573004,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.02424271319914
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 3552815.3267326653,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.005825555148440705
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 3504074.1610847143,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.3719025945763301
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 3192179.5882685967,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.900912437297508
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 3315565.1087218067,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.865243700782291
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 3357571.1846028958,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.2669356355147245
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 3877913.6666222964,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.497586005192687
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 3973143.5528981136,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.455698977918799
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 3000731.948749499,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.47461540722113
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 3984226.3435750217,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.775149917518505
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 8274584.431936899,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 107.68359320952048
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 10287521.119372156,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.32674056313994
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 11509369.151154224,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.876991722342508
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MKD",
      "exports_usd": 8831053392.989801,
      "imports_usd": 11187546878.64174,
      "trade_balance_usd": -2356493485.6519394,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -5.6496486272974655,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8544939535283689,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.3712374891684087,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.7735768798242226,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1617.3266207278066,
      "export_product_hhi": 538.8921544456343,
      "momentum_score": -3.543382792357703,
      "risk_score": 10.781093875867205,
      "gdp_million_usd": 16951.6822454202,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 9291.85661671864,
      "population": 1824359,
      "labor_force": 949,
      "investment_rate_pct": 26.92,
      "savings_rate_pct": 15.86,
      "secondary_education_pct": 92.64,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 25.53,
      "total_factor_productivity": 564.51,
      "trade_openness_pct": 147.11673133762523,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 64.89942812264457,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 36,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 4,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6453.814814814815,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 13.333333333333334,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.4814814814814816,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1049075905221974,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.11045196049217888,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.021126087240615897,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.08932587325156299,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6470.458390784242,
      "num_border_partners": 90,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.304610070590353,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 71.93138124815144,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.1943212067435667,
      "real_market_potential": 75028590.67146744,
      "foreign_market_potential": 524812.4069814223
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "281121",
    "hs_description": "Carbon dioxide",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2811
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 281121,
      "corridor_rank": 40,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 8,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2693257.47441617,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 759425.7139522885,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2014240.5233063176,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1208799.4310197711,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 867914.9558538932,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1183.1489806717047,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 143.58486246827812,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 338.6725750168443,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2693257.47441617,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 22246533.163734313,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 71.42857142857143,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 844.4764056548604,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.9667,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 19.2207,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 12.10641431001323,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.192832603418127,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.306810622241635,
      "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
      "supplier_count_latest": 36,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1726.23,
      "distance_km": 742.0995483398438,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.010648395458404764,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03831810586329532,
      "volatility_cv": 1.3897671897334714,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99754268788176,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
    "hs_code": 281121,
    "num_markets": 16,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5714.285714285714,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CYP",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 52.64886613021214,
    "median_price_across_markets": 139.30098904036356,
    "price_spread_pct": 4064.3192034444196,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4769.840865384615,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 26074773
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 3901240.2370205005,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.87419057010907
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 4387249.328203669,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.457809867006517
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 3552608.367573004,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.02424271319914
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 3552815.3267326653,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.005825555148440705
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 3504074.1610847143,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.3719025945763301
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 3192179.5882685967,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.900912437297508
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 3315565.1087218067,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.865243700782291
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 3357571.1846028958,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.2669356355147245
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 3877913.6666222964,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.497586005192687
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 3973143.5528981136,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.455698977918799
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 3000731.948749499,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.47461540722113
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 3984226.3435750217,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.775149917518505
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 8274584.431936899,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 107.68359320952048
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 10287521.119372156,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.32674056313994
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 11509369.151154224,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.876991722342508
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "MKD",
    "exports_usd": 8831053392.989801,
    "imports_usd": 11187546878.64174,
    "trade_balance_usd": -2356493485.6519394,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -5.6496486272974655,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8544939535283689,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.3712374891684087,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.7735768798242226,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1617.3266207278066,
    "export_product_hhi": 538.8921544456343,
    "momentum_score": -3.543382792357703,
    "risk_score": 10.781093875867205,
    "gdp_million_usd": 16951.6822454202,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 9291.85661671864,
    "population": 1824359,
    "labor_force": 949,
    "investment_rate_pct": 26.92,
    "savings_rate_pct": 15.86,
    "secondary_education_pct": 92.64,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 25.53,
    "total_factor_productivity": 564.51,
    "trade_openness_pct": 147.11673133762523,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 64.89942812264457,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 36,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 4,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6453.814814814815,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 13.333333333333334,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.4814814814814816,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1049075905221974,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.11045196049217888,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.021126087240615897,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.08932587325156299,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6470.458390784242,
    "num_border_partners": 90,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.304610070590353,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 71.93138124815144,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.1943212067435667,
    "real_market_potential": 75028590.67146744,
    "foreign_market_potential": 524812.4069814223
  }
}