{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/860711",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/860711",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/860711",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "860711",
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 36,
    "current_lane_count": 8,
    "active_market_count": 8,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 10375176.774033118,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 3676845.0767398207,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2468596.2335571046,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2631808.487632271,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1961907.5042928935,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 47.14034863216268,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 29.421087128041123,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.983306183193193,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 9269462.461727701,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 23325331.341025636,
    "historical_peak_year": 2020,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 27.157042448969484,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "AUS",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2837651.645161776,
    "top_market_share_pct": 27.35039322186606,
    "destination_hhi": 1733.653669009812,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 47.37640087335693,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 11.182903893406204,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8980760899451907,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 33.75848912460006,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 72.22222222222223,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 74,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:10",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 860711,
      "hs_description": "Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock: parts, driving bogies and bissel-bogies",
      "hs_chapter": 86,
      "hs_heading": 8607,
      "substitution_elasticity": -17.661377,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock: parts, driving bogies and bissel-bogies",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8607,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 860711,
        "corridor_rank": 72,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 5,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 239588.39623857033,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 265254.06410303584,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 262947.57014382747,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 265254.06410303584,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 265254.06410303584,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -18.76083355466369,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 446857.8631528055,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24715687.530085377,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.5196,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 61.1508,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.9693778331957359,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.42926078642590393,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 83.51599460042723,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 13,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7037.75,
        "distance_km": 8982.6591796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.017017810458070715,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.044109323943012604,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5100610454270742,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 64.63813700833077,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 860711,
        "corridor_rank": 83,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2016,
        "lane_data_years": 3,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 117490.12190980114,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 927146.9541279146,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 117490.12190980114,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1388244.6630620933,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1388244.6630620933,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -64.64688257970066,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 88.38758471835106,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 37.254356840994696,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2658999.2042143857,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 34994061.69248581,
        "historical_peak_year": 2013,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -101.90123942069536,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.3921,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 408.7382,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.24506060996581863,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -9.126889891249169,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 45.62898205791907,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 19,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3319.44,
        "distance_km": 11065.7021484375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04295669226020202,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03830231714616161,
        "volatility_cv": 1.321760266693934,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 95.5814156798699,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": 860711,
      "num_markets": 16,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 323205,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "IRN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 2306.9289268613275,
      "median_price_across_markets": 17821.880219518014,
      "price_spread_pct": 1800.5848267440394,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 36.04245833333333,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 14756475
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 486845.3884567531,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -57.59670347539826
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 940146.0737122024,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 93.1097831063704
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 160140.96697505921,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -82.96637390158568
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 3299862.1876756162,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1960.5983902854448
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 594657.7485872952,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -81.97931565723462
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 3165056.0950108394,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 432.248356727872
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 607478.2731503779,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -80.80671384914909
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 1620450.30433568,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 166.7503309924216
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 54419.508404533335,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -96.64170457687419
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1012628.4238661511,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1760.782012837506
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 4599056.60986886,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 354.17020710419655
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1154197.1276211813,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -74.90361120703638
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 3125610.1858575535,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 170.80384373330455
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 603333.4380739393,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -80.69709905592701
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 3676845.0767398207,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 509.42173012615604
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
      "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
      "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
      "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
      "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
      "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
      "population": 51751065,
      "labor_force": 28232.98,
      "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
      "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
      "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
      "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 58,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
      "num_border_partners": 20,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
      "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
      "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "860711",
    "hs_description": "Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock: parts, driving bogies and bissel-bogies",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8607
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 860711,
      "corridor_rank": 72,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 5,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 239588.39623857033,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 265254.06410303584,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 262947.57014382747,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 265254.06410303584,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 265254.06410303584,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -18.76083355466369,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 446857.8631528055,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24715687.530085377,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.5196,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 61.1508,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.9693778331957359,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.42926078642590393,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 83.51599460042723,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 13,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 7037.75,
      "distance_km": 8982.6591796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.017017810458070715,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.044109323943012604,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5100610454270742,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 64.63813700833077,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 860711,
      "corridor_rank": 83,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2016,
      "lane_data_years": 3,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 117490.12190980114,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 927146.9541279146,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 117490.12190980114,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1388244.6630620933,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1388244.6630620933,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -64.64688257970066,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 88.38758471835106,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 37.254356840994696,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2658999.2042143857,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 34994061.69248581,
      "historical_peak_year": 2013,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -101.90123942069536,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.3921,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 408.7382,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.24506060996581863,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -9.126889891249169,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 45.62898205791907,
      "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 19,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3319.44,
      "distance_km": 11065.7021484375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03830231714616161,
      "volatility_cv": 1.321760266693934,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 95.5814156798699,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "hs_code": 860711,
    "num_markets": 16,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KAZ",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 323205,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "IRN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 2306.9289268613275,
    "median_price_across_markets": 17821.880219518014,
    "price_spread_pct": 1800.5848267440394,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 36.04245833333333,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 14756475
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 486845.3884567531,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -57.59670347539826
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 940146.0737122024,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 93.1097831063704
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 160140.96697505921,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -82.96637390158568
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 3299862.1876756162,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1960.5983902854448
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 594657.7485872952,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -81.97931565723462
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 3165056.0950108394,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 432.248356727872
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 607478.2731503779,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -80.80671384914909
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 1620450.30433568,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 166.7503309924216
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 54419.508404533335,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -96.64170457687419
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1012628.4238661511,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1760.782012837506
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 4599056.60986886,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 354.17020710419655
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1154197.1276211813,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -74.90361120703638
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 3125610.1858575535,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 170.80384373330455
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 603333.4380739393,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -80.69709905592701
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 3676845.0767398207,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 509.42173012615604
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "KOR",
    "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
    "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
    "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
    "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
    "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
    "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
    "population": 51751065,
    "labor_force": 28232.98,
    "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
    "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
    "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
    "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 58,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
    "num_border_partners": 20,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
    "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
    "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
  }
}