{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/851110",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/851110",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/851110",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "851110",
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 183,
    "current_lane_count": 140,
    "active_market_count": 140,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 60358086.151450254,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 60296366.626107626,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 50815382.778541915,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 44403258.955229215,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 43273053.10107336,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.5703054259559,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.953074752301315,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.130527646824288,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 24608282.19012441,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 88976591.71930782,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 82.75862068965517,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 12.43977777913161,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 11325445.191841802,
    "top_market_share_pct": 18.763757955187714,
    "destination_hhi": 836.3723189455953,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 8.142062955880743,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2672619768166326,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0508925707034469,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 74.8263797013283,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 9.836065573770492,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:10",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 851110,
      "hs_description": "Ignition or starting equipment: spark plugs, of a kind used for spark or compression-ignition internal combustion engines",
      "hs_chapter": 85,
      "hs_heading": 8511,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.6650944,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Ignition or starting equipment: spark plugs, of a kind used for spark or compression-ignition internal combustion engines",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8511,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 851110,
        "corridor_rank": 66,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11325445.191841802,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3291444.117872053,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9745169.544006282,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7876196.042565728,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6542603.962032614,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 26.01648552815834,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 22.049665293058208,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.052369567359218,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11325445.191841802,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 587413670.6836231,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 18.964115960799123,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 20.4609,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.6323,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.9280186616463018,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.17295095843483477,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 44.286308291168595,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 69,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2663.52,
        "distance_km": 11065.7021484375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04295669226020202,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03830231714616161,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8941717549097833,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 60.696193452373684,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 851110,
        "corridor_rank": 88,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "ARE",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 23,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7898290.604473058,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3312691.41134797,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7063703.989333314,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7766604.221205044,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6516610.405200627,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.167551132490779,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.611846712020595,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.734113549612136,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9560353.620891517,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 192239745.12252483,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.18181818181819,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.901664682102915,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 7.381,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.8925,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.108562773758908,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.784416239054218,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 60.22106568060492,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 73,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3867.52,
        "distance_km": 6909.236328125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.052146291145454514,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9715419837880521,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 37.75246937760767,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": 851110,
      "num_markets": 153,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5586164.556962025,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NGA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 120,
      "median_price_across_markets": 36000,
      "price_spread_pct": 15516.790436005625,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 11.906121112929625,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 217038128
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 17410884.93980996,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.27246639488811
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 19966865.129914433,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.680357712664154
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 32463961.870794695,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 62.58917791835567
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 40946367.3404882,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.128682332283258
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 44301532.0697784,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.194047353188697
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 42959905.01591015,
        "active_destinations": 137,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.0283987735572686
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 42921583.26430568,
        "active_destinations": 144,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.08920352964066196
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 43067262.08894698,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.3394069220238929
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 44246227.0773509,
        "active_destinations": 139,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.737496955271954
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 37519258.78807373,
        "active_destinations": 142,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.203484531047437
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 30508336.741436407,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.686195498259394
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 39061809.699083954,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.036510250099035
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 45690956.24732624,
        "active_destinations": 140,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.970915068478632
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 46458825.46219189,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.6805715571133
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 60296366.626107626,
        "active_destinations": 140,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.784526462419304
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
      "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
      "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
      "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
      "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
      "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
      "population": 51751065,
      "labor_force": 28232.98,
      "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
      "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
      "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
      "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 58,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
      "num_border_partners": 20,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
      "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
      "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "851110",
    "hs_description": "Ignition or starting equipment: spark plugs, of a kind used for spark or compression-ignition internal combustion engines",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8511
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 851110,
      "corridor_rank": 66,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11325445.191841802,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3291444.117872053,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9745169.544006282,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7876196.042565728,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6542603.962032614,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 26.01648552815834,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 22.049665293058208,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.052369567359218,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11325445.191841802,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 587413670.6836231,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 18.964115960799123,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 20.4609,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.6323,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.9280186616463018,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.17295095843483477,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 44.286308291168595,
      "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 69,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2663.52,
      "distance_km": 11065.7021484375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03830231714616161,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8941717549097833,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 60.696193452373684,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 851110,
      "corridor_rank": 88,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "ARE",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 23,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7898290.604473058,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3312691.41134797,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7063703.989333314,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7766604.221205044,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6516610.405200627,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.167551132490779,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.611846712020595,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.734113549612136,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9560353.620891517,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 192239745.12252483,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.18181818181819,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.901664682102915,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 7.381,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.8925,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.108562773758908,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.784416239054218,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 60.22106568060492,
      "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 73,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3867.52,
      "distance_km": 6909.236328125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.052146291145454514,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9715419837880521,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 37.75246937760767,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "hs_code": 851110,
    "num_markets": 153,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5586164.556962025,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NGA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 120,
    "median_price_across_markets": 36000,
    "price_spread_pct": 15516.790436005625,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 11.906121112929625,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 217038128
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 17410884.93980996,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.27246639488811
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 19966865.129914433,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.680357712664154
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 32463961.870794695,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 62.58917791835567
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 40946367.3404882,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.128682332283258
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 44301532.0697784,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.194047353188697
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 42959905.01591015,
      "active_destinations": 137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.0283987735572686
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 42921583.26430568,
      "active_destinations": 144,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.08920352964066196
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 43067262.08894698,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.3394069220238929
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 44246227.0773509,
      "active_destinations": 139,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.737496955271954
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 37519258.78807373,
      "active_destinations": 142,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.203484531047437
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 30508336.741436407,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.686195498259394
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 39061809.699083954,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.036510250099035
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 45690956.24732624,
      "active_destinations": 140,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.970915068478632
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 46458825.46219189,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.6805715571133
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 60296366.626107626,
      "active_destinations": 140,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.784526462419304
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "KOR",
    "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
    "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
    "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
    "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
    "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
    "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
    "population": 51751065,
    "labor_force": 28232.98,
    "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
    "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
    "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
    "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 58,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
    "num_border_partners": 20,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
    "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
    "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
  }
}