{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/850660",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/850660",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/850660",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "850660",
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 126,
    "current_lane_count": 31,
    "active_market_count": 31,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1888306.0738151516,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 710496.0527414271,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1108299.623548642,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1300395.1502162248,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1495245.1477948918,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -9.648095379180898,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -25.58494866406208,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.078939522664237,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1867023.4443710179,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 8151864.898031894,
    "historical_peak_year": 2019,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.569155856516661,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "JPN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 544577.0201979268,
    "top_market_share_pct": 28.839446515026996,
    "destination_hhi": 1291.0201309903077,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 7.230890546019637,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.5794519297879255,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2732409579809938,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 90.02920772687875,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 38.888888888888886,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 95.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:10",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 850660,
      "hs_description": "Cells and batteries: primary, air-zinc",
      "hs_chapter": 85,
      "hs_heading": 8506,
      "substitution_elasticity": -9.5414104,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Cells and batteries: primary, air-zinc",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8506,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 850660,
        "corridor_rank": 48,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 332983.4855040795,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 175021.34976301919,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 301835.6745007605,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 230453.4712020452,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 192540.52545680534,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 43.39859232060981,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 30.497485880719456,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.70980788595288,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 558538.3578745989,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 25542146.983548313,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 35.68878443465693,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.6767,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.112,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.3036628663931582,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.7172901401609901,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 45.17161724625168,
        "peer_top_exporter": "GBR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 32,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3282.51,
        "distance_km": 11065.7021484375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04295669226020202,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03830231714616161,
        "volatility_cv": 0.752474186550889,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.9255532826814,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 850660,
        "corridor_rank": 74,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 85298.21015964303,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 104016.02626946168,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 102469.03004037817,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 113691.71489623368,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 108688.74319737237,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.737567610987286,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.064149592756895,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.8131457775562705,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 347796.98355314427,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 41379980.07240846,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 45.833333333333336,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.550713388543556,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.216,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.1319,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.20613400492311634,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.07365166670784479,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.78247346829816,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ROU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 41,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2003.12,
        "distance_km": 8543.7841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.01670515686981482,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04360750341153547,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8172753009085775,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.18176213289902,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": 850660,
      "num_markets": 63,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1117500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "QAT",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 344,
      "median_price_across_markets": 86388.53503184713,
      "price_spread_pct": 1293.1762294477624,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.0172315789473683,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 10307753
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 2527809.3465268384,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.49219778977023
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1921636.554269903,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.980162629345646
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 2102963.055314454,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.43604557488463
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1311215.0757403118,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.64916257436357
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 971359.7316397676,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.9191150550692
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 785776.9449995334,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.105464288389747
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1523172.739607112,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 93.8428900593433
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 1412398.2306681087,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.272616300077467
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1615564.214162444,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.384468847587797
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 3113563.5974305933,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 92.72298619493476
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 2213803.11242686,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -28.898092389898284
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 963273.7680083374,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -56.48783025910746
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1045703.5101715775,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.557249756076265
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1568699.3077329223,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 50.01377469561448
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 710496.0527414271,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -54.70795140668271
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
      "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
      "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
      "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
      "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
      "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
      "population": 51751065,
      "labor_force": 28232.98,
      "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
      "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
      "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
      "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 58,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
      "num_border_partners": 20,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
      "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
      "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "850660",
    "hs_description": "Cells and batteries: primary, air-zinc",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8506
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 850660,
      "corridor_rank": 48,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 26,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 332983.4855040795,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 175021.34976301919,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 301835.6745007605,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 230453.4712020452,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 192540.52545680534,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 43.39859232060981,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 30.497485880719456,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.70980788595288,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 558538.3578745989,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 25542146.983548313,
      "historical_peak_year": 2012,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 35.68878443465693,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.6767,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.112,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.3036628663931582,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.7172901401609901,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 45.17161724625168,
      "peer_top_exporter": "GBR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 32,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3282.51,
      "distance_km": 11065.7021484375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03830231714616161,
      "volatility_cv": 0.752474186550889,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.9255532826814,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 850660,
      "corridor_rank": 74,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 85298.21015964303,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 104016.02626946168,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 102469.03004037817,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 113691.71489623368,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 108688.74319737237,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.737567610987286,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.064149592756895,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.8131457775562705,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 347796.98355314427,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 41379980.07240846,
      "historical_peak_year": 2007,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 45.833333333333336,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.550713388543556,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.216,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.1319,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.20613400492311634,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.07365166670784479,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.78247346829816,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ROU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 41,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2003.12,
      "distance_km": 8543.7841796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.01670515686981482,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04360750341153547,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8172753009085775,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.18176213289902,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "hs_code": 850660,
    "num_markets": 63,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1117500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "QAT",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 344,
    "median_price_across_markets": 86388.53503184713,
    "price_spread_pct": 1293.1762294477624,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.0172315789473683,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 10307753
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 2527809.3465268384,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.49219778977023
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1921636.554269903,
      "active_destinations": 53,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.980162629345646
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 2102963.055314454,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.43604557488463
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1311215.0757403118,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.64916257436357
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 971359.7316397676,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.9191150550692
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 785776.9449995334,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.105464288389747
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1523172.739607112,
      "active_destinations": 53,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 93.8428900593433
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 1412398.2306681087,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.272616300077467
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 1615564.214162444,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.384468847587797
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 3113563.5974305933,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 92.72298619493476
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 2213803.11242686,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.898092389898284
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 963273.7680083374,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -56.48783025910746
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1045703.5101715775,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.557249756076265
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1568699.3077329223,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 50.01377469561448
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 710496.0527414271,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -54.70795140668271
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "KOR",
    "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
    "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
    "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
    "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
    "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
    "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
    "population": 51751065,
    "labor_force": 28232.98,
    "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
    "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
    "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
    "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 58,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
    "num_border_partners": 20,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
    "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
    "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
  }
}