{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/840991",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/840991",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/840991",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "840991",
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 187,
    "current_lane_count": 152,
    "active_market_count": 152,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1482860404.3747272,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1482601459.0499744,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1474755097.0040653,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1378775875.5887578,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1334180071.8863356,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.712792672456187,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.239139757495944,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.3761794622218826,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 709956711.0918947,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 2299653154.31545,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.33661321023430446,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 444177392.97146,
    "top_market_share_pct": 29.954093565452965,
    "destination_hhi": 1652.9257707286365,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 17.01411705145834,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.40234320276754737,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1072981439924374,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 62.829888913187794,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 8.556149732620321,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:10",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 840991,
      "hs_description": "Engines: parts, suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition internal combustion piston engines (for other than aircraft)",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8409,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.3467488,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Engines: parts, suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition internal combustion piston engines (for other than aircraft)",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8409,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 840991,
        "corridor_rank": 14,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 444177392.97146,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 207697045.7306951,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 456571316.7272382,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 424567567.9573312,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 406222273.83611906,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.48457226100750983,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.3813280271171253,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.4293335705717327,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 492865380.2579539,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 7562980928.712704,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.055238690435777116,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.3704,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.9833,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.8730465825340055,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.040677846606400614,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 38.9825072660629,
        "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
        "supplier_count_latest": 101,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2278.85,
        "distance_km": 11065.7021484375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04295669226020202,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03830231714616161,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8557727100492841,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 49.835255132631815,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 840991,
        "corridor_rank": 20,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "SVK",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 282483423.210584,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 64227106.86794044,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 257949435.37557712,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 212216008.35473862,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 164075923.3941866,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.174937529969387,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 14.18715005256168,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.660063545778911,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 282483423.210584,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 511175630.1826082,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.4851260158095236,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 9.436,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 18.7145,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 79.3103,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 55.261520019972764,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.689657522607888,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 55.261520019972764,
        "peer_top_exporter": "KOR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 64,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3493.37,
        "distance_km": 8246.6572265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03185298434718254,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.030075819477420634,
        "volatility_cv": 1.319080059440175,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 68.06481868065836,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 840991,
        "corridor_rank": 30,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 215613957.01833883,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 66635163.4355841,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 239393886.85629356,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 224239280.01958218,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 189009766.74822086,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.8903521758252486,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.3424691346147894,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 30.45054838125745,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 255563240.28289488,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 2873945190.4154162,
        "historical_peak_year": 2019,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -31.340900557082698,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.0057,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.0281,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.502368442425753,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.768906185755621,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 44.01594439153476,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 98,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2433.31,
        "distance_km": 12066.0078125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1360029642040404,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4278347964877878,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 47.961920780858186,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 840991,
        "corridor_rank": 36,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 160181772.34979808,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 169072285.89413157,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 123047668.10597806,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 130738207.39524469,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 227587360.4659504,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.543107885020239,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -8.925673816142032,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -10.904910835832471,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 508247705.45620674,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1597943444.227257,
        "historical_peak_year": 2014,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 18.44801872085271,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.7664,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.7688,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 10.0242454092147,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.643219485862504,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 44.590955507473964,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 93,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2512.2,
        "distance_km": 955.6510620117188,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29886233885252517,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.19096898705858587,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9188375066221351,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 80.47794852193027,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 840991,
        "corridor_rank": 59,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "IND",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 87015084.43407923,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 30898470.17957043,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 90721775.49735634,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 89591526.07383798,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 68270235.03486864,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.607065721819192,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.821946207177378,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.10726205821082,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 103751246.6431625,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 611121870.9403565,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.714327780030011,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.2236,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.8216,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 14.238581299698172,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.776557042917254,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 18.9153663117891,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 61,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1259.67,
        "distance_km": 4692.671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5178343248545455,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.4423262793264647,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9965416466425885,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 53.341745069007295,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": 840991,
      "num_markets": 166,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 8619078.521939954,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GUM",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 165.45454545454544,
      "median_price_across_markets": 22715.953307392996,
      "price_spread_pct": 37942.11473656023,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 779.456291248207,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 6962562538
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 605988149.7013305,
        "active_destinations": 146,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 79.81716056508952
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 838164366.9286183,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.31365635478499
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1083031721.300355,
        "active_destinations": 152,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.21471778489369
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1223833561.494545,
        "active_destinations": 153,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.00071248376129
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1293198590.7104113,
        "active_destinations": 154,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.667848259624273
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1231093002.8900652,
        "active_destinations": 160,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.802478773676111
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1237770654.4515347,
        "active_destinations": 153,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.5424164986555333
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 1236328432.804773,
        "active_destinations": 158,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.11651767971512579
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1348666920.766546,
        "active_destinations": 148,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.086459955217428
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1394062330.0066485,
        "active_destinations": 154,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.3659466648964
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1060657255.208398,
        "active_destinations": 148,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.916080911293292
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1408956831.7231956,
        "active_destinations": 160,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.83808928892526
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1507359583.5017848,
        "active_destinations": 153,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.984085641448631
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1434304248.4604352,
        "active_destinations": 150,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.846576479888958
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1482601459.0499744,
        "active_destinations": 152,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.367291886737485
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
      "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
      "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
      "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
      "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
      "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
      "population": 51751065,
      "labor_force": 28232.98,
      "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
      "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
      "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
      "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 58,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
      "num_border_partners": 20,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
      "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
      "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "840991",
    "hs_description": "Engines: parts, suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition internal combustion piston engines (for other than aircraft)",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8409
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 840991,
      "corridor_rank": 14,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 444177392.97146,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 207697045.7306951,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 456571316.7272382,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 424567567.9573312,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 406222273.83611906,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.48457226100750983,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.3813280271171253,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.4293335705717327,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 492865380.2579539,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 7562980928.712704,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.055238690435777116,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.3704,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.9833,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.8730465825340055,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.040677846606400614,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 38.9825072660629,
      "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
      "supplier_count_latest": 101,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2278.85,
      "distance_km": 11065.7021484375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03830231714616161,
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