{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/282540",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/282540",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/282540",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "282540",
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 37,
    "current_lane_count": 18,
    "active_market_count": 18,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 5179910.3727032,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 4668174.521248428,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3295905.7667273306,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2748421.364897774,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1935181.2300420515,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 22.29717464219627,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.574159139499443,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 33.6159057839903,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 2761981.93008192,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 10449082.83493452,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -11.318731141794029,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "SGP",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 3387797.2542547085,
    "top_market_share_pct": 65.40262302814219,
    "destination_hhi": 4604.867407829795,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 12.619552760707476,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -13.752660667887744,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.164941785307398,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 27.311135808835342,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 51.351351351351354,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 79,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:10",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "hs_description": "Nickel oxides and hydroxides",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2825,
      "substitution_elasticity": -29.050322,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Nickel oxides and hydroxides",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2825,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 282540,
        "corridor_rank": 12,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "SGP",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 5,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3387797.2542547085,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1205453.7956703217,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2008923.392800695,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1506785.5248541594,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1205453.795670322,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1988.441099247386,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 667.9016087582854,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3387797.2542547085,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24248037.242053714,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 249.1751,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 188.0897,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 13.97142878178694,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -24.024491232844625,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.38637461135083,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 12,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3066.07,
        "distance_km": 4676.6826171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.003564984112044444,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.003564984112044444,
        "volatility_cv": 1.240116655793395,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282540,
        "corridor_rank": 24,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 880995.6237970714,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 198461.19453895354,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 429962.1495727207,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 271802.95652431383,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 267339.01489619416,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 146.79557492117317,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 62.15983572273866,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.257760874314162,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 880995.6237970714,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24944703.953101058,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 133.537814046859,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -84.6183,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 18.7408,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.5317942656423003,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.3221415493095114,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 75.74136256912645,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 17,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5890.03,
        "distance_km": 955.6510620117188,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29886233885252517,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.19096898705858587,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9727684462673539,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.76062067400905,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "num_markets": 25,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "POL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1427000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "THA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 291.59455927098776,
      "median_price_across_markets": 18083.333333333332,
      "price_spread_pct": 7889.631735156107,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 72.93934848484848,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 11482702
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 962585.7769648064,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 183.5789875150087
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 447859.1600041251,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -53.47332458866162
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 483711.6096338679,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.005295599940974
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 219214.2170704814,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -54.68080304369592
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 257374.4803899509,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.407750204084753
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 366144.6119256671,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.26142831679247
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 369094.8704534713,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8057631962103464
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 680935.0480742829,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 84.48781128756508
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1929703.2336688968,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 183.39020573639004
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 2263827.711809326,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.314811537376478
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1302288.7917021553,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -42.474032590522405
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 2552100.7326047244,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 95.97041369518382
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1678955.0969851369,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -34.2128202254947
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 3540587.681948429,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 110.8804272553915
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 4668174.521248428,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.84744851960492
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
      "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
      "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
      "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
      "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
      "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
      "population": 51751065,
      "labor_force": 28232.98,
      "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
      "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
      "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
      "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 58,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
      "num_border_partners": 20,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
      "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
      "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "282540",
    "hs_description": "Nickel oxides and hydroxides",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2825
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "corridor_rank": 12,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 5,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3387797.2542547085,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1205453.7956703217,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2008923.392800695,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1506785.5248541594,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1205453.795670322,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1988.441099247386,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 667.9016087582854,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3387797.2542547085,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24248037.242053714,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 249.1751,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 188.0897,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 13.97142878178694,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -24.024491232844625,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 47.38637461135083,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 12,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3066.07,
      "distance_km": 4676.6826171875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.003564984112044444,
      "volatility_cv": 1.240116655793395,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "corridor_rank": 24,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 880995.6237970714,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 198461.19453895354,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 429962.1495727207,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 271802.95652431383,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 267339.01489619416,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 146.79557492117317,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 62.15983572273866,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.257760874314162,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 880995.6237970714,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24944703.953101058,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 133.537814046859,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -84.6183,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 18.7408,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.5317942656423003,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.3221415493095114,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 75.74136256912645,
      "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 17,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5890.03,
      "distance_km": 955.6510620117188,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29886233885252517,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.19096898705858587,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9727684462673539,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.76062067400905,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "hs_code": 282540,
    "num_markets": 25,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "POL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1427000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "THA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 291.59455927098776,
    "median_price_across_markets": 18083.333333333332,
    "price_spread_pct": 7889.631735156107,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 72.93934848484848,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 11482702
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 962585.7769648064,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 183.5789875150087
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 447859.1600041251,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.47332458866162
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 483711.6096338679,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.005295599940974
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 219214.2170704814,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -54.68080304369592
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 257374.4803899509,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.407750204084753
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 366144.6119256671,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.26142831679247
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 369094.8704534713,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8057631962103464
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 680935.0480742829,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 84.48781128756508
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 1929703.2336688968,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 183.39020573639004
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 2263827.711809326,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.314811537376478
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1302288.7917021553,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.474032590522405
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 2552100.7326047244,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 95.97041369518382
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1678955.0969851369,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.2128202254947
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 3540587.681948429,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 110.8804272553915
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 4668174.521248428,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.84744851960492
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "KOR",
    "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
    "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
    "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
    "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
    "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
    "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
    "population": 51751065,
    "labor_force": 28232.98,
    "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
    "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
    "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
    "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 58,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
    "num_border_partners": 20,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
    "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
    "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
  }
}