{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/281820",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/281820",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/281820",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "281820",
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 97,
    "current_lane_count": 47,
    "active_market_count": 47,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 47416929.863121524,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 46909954.33003871,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 45200600.4126598,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 40650696.1924043,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 37327643.78375275,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.861907530152521,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.38465720595371,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.57844360863351,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 21952036.30680322,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 68959426.06182678,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.28346392151901156,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "CHN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 17570705.584022835,
    "top_market_share_pct": 37.05576391121104,
    "destination_hhi": 2699.426783877821,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 8.94152568655045,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.1056917731448159,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9477767527279914,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.5762660092536,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 43.29896907216495,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:10",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 281820,
      "hs_description": "Aluminium oxide: other than artificial corundum",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2818,
      "substitution_elasticity": -31.429192,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Aluminium oxide: other than artificial corundum",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2818,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": 281820,
      "num_markets": 72,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GTM",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2209750,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 92.50925092509252,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1687.7475429074373,
      "price_spread_pct": 130923.4606819547,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 942.4183024390246,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 200456168
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 20054224.13443445,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 62.23587629612795
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 28605896.467481144,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.64274835924915
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 18520269.900802124,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.25715957947427
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 18258136.103635058,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.415388644825923
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 27259159.12331243,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.29869603658686
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 25317013.37395686,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.124745633457998
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 28275617.785966303,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.686229999992438
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 31340340.792653047,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.838748174789025
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 41297072.9054802,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.769699566129976
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 43792912.01744952,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.043622311154453
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 28110842.17518617,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.80960735384472
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 39540837.548855916,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 40.66045158817463
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 47056580.3832779,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.00754586985082
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 41635266.5246628,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.520841111823813
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 46909954.33003871,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.668797982238042
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
      "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
      "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
      "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
      "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
      "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
      "population": 51751065,
      "labor_force": 28232.98,
      "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
      "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
      "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
      "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 58,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
      "num_border_partners": 20,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
      "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
      "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "281820",
    "hs_description": "Aluminium oxide: other than artificial corundum",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2818
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "hs_code": 281820,
    "num_markets": 72,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GTM",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2209750,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 92.50925092509252,
    "median_price_across_markets": 1687.7475429074373,
    "price_spread_pct": 130923.4606819547,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 942.4183024390246,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 200456168
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 20054224.13443445,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 62.23587629612795
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 28605896.467481144,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.64274835924915
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 18520269.900802124,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.25715957947427
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 18258136.103635058,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.415388644825923
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 27259159.12331243,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.29869603658686
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 25317013.37395686,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.124745633457998
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 28275617.785966303,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.686229999992438
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 31340340.792653047,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.838748174789025
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 41297072.9054802,
      "active_destinations": 49,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.769699566129976
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 43792912.01744952,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.043622311154453
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 28110842.17518617,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.80960735384472
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 39540837.548855916,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 40.66045158817463
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 47056580.3832779,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.00754586985082
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 41635266.5246628,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.520841111823813
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 46909954.33003871,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.668797982238042
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "KOR",
    "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
    "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
    "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
    "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
    "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
    "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
    "population": 51751065,
    "labor_force": 28232.98,
    "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
    "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
    "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
    "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 58,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
    "num_border_partners": 20,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
    "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
    "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
  }
}