{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/070970",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/070970",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kor/070970",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "070970",
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 30,
    "current_lane_count": 11,
    "active_market_count": 11,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 58689.06933251164,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 51936.976133347656,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 70428.66836242547,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 72962.57130970726,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 42671.2780366153,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -14.171130693548884,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 14.758360393637716,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 26.80460787420742,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 85440.18377764858,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 512382.142317571,
    "historical_peak_year": 2002,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -40.9757385677563,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "SGP",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 17769.89108821541,
    "top_market_share_pct": 30.278025005878785,
    "destination_hhi": 1897.025747135302,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 1.322570381826877,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.1836355986388563,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.4104695507758813,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 94.18262411972188,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 50,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 85.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:10",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 70970,
      "hs_description": "Vegetables: spinach, New Zealand spinach and orache spinach (garden spinach), fresh or chilled",
      "hs_chapter": 7,
      "hs_heading": 709,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.6044993,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Vegetables: spinach, New Zealand spinach and orache spinach (garden spinach), fresh or chilled",
    "hs_chapter": 7,
    "hs_heading": 709,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 70970,
        "corridor_rank": 82,
        "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
        "importer_iso3": "SGP",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 12,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 17769.89108821541,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 10889.258019962675,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12439.833656040719,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 21433.048341483063,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12986.475776407482,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -20.11670959059967,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.519024153261661,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 41.53269347170034,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 34986.579731413956,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13619563.04676773,
        "historical_peak_year": 2020,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 63.63636363636363,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -61.64940306230001,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 1.1705,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.0601,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.1304732833733066,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.05706371727985085,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 46.5738133848011,
        "peer_top_exporter": "MYS",
        "supplier_count_latest": 23,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3607.46,
        "distance_km": 4676.6826171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.003564984112044444,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.003564984112044444,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1292195847853526,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.84568392021971,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": 70970,
      "num_markets": 18,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 68500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 208.33333333333334,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5307.692307692308,
      "price_spread_pct": 1286.6545893719808,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.6555094339622641,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 238564
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 13241.898894274203,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.04836475081584
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 3408.974655476402,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -74.25614949416021
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 3383.698720345518,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7414527148296396
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 3021.2938689791713,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.710316766303015
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 4831.993113840847,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 59.93125208550043
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 7026.355407089794,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.41319164887418
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 8876.558243059548,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.33232634521797
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 9548.875678579854,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.574077892701054
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 10353.27351771557,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.424005780493617
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 26094.860971171947,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 152.04454346271078
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 71382.73043436011,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 173.55091300627933
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 82144.12102689974,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.07562197054825
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 107983.57133130153,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.45623811099049
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 51365.457622627204,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -52.432155197910426
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 51936.976133347656,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1126514532768235
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
      "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
      "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
      "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
      "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
      "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
      "population": 51751065,
      "labor_force": 28232.98,
      "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
      "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
      "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
      "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 58,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
      "num_border_partners": 20,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
      "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
      "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "070970",
    "hs_description": "Vegetables: spinach, New Zealand spinach and orache spinach (garden spinach), fresh or chilled",
    "hs_chapter": 7,
    "hs_heading": 709
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 70970,
      "corridor_rank": 82,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 12,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 17769.89108821541,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 10889.258019962675,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12439.833656040719,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 21433.048341483063,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12986.475776407482,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -20.11670959059967,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.519024153261661,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 41.53269347170034,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 34986.579731413956,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13619563.04676773,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 63.63636363636363,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -61.64940306230001,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 1.1705,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.0601,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.1304732833733066,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.05706371727985085,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 46.5738133848011,
      "peer_top_exporter": "MYS",
      "supplier_count_latest": 23,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3607.46,
      "distance_km": 4676.6826171875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.003564984112044444,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1292195847853526,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.84568392021971,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "hs_code": 70970,
    "num_markets": 18,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 68500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 208.33333333333334,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5307.692307692308,
    "price_spread_pct": 1286.6545893719808,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.6555094339622641,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 238564
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 13241.898894274203,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.04836475081584
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 3408.974655476402,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -74.25614949416021
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 3383.698720345518,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7414527148296396
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 3021.2938689791713,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.710316766303015
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 4831.993113840847,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 59.93125208550043
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 7026.355407089794,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.41319164887418
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 8876.558243059548,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.33232634521797
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 9548.875678579854,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.574077892701054
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 10353.27351771557,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.424005780493617
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 26094.860971171947,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 152.04454346271078
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 71382.73043436011,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 173.55091300627933
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 82144.12102689974,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.07562197054825
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 107983.57133130153,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.45623811099049
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 51365.457622627204,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -52.432155197910426
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 51936.976133347656,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1126514532768235
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "KOR",
    "exports_usd": 719146445390.6676,
    "imports_usd": 602781511915.9164,
    "trade_balance_usd": 116364933474.75122,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.99738243181556,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -2.0488493611390823,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.3762912989319096,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5600101180488037,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1005.4152216058833,
    "export_product_hhi": 224.2651640980364,
    "momentum_score": 7.011055091950464,
    "risk_score": 6.148401928519599,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1875388.209406803,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 36238.63990831499,
    "population": 51751065,
    "labor_force": 28232.98,
    "investment_rate_pct": 32.11,
    "savings_rate_pct": 33.94,
    "secondary_education_pct": 97.7,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 60.3,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1485.56,
    "trade_openness_pct": 81.8058450718175,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 44.50347113880819,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 58,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9523.444444444445,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 21.48148148148148,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1325559179132643,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13730118197136373,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040044337595312784,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09725684437605095,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9624.182081122517,
    "num_border_partners": 20,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.797487279973065,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.69542668552569,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.710985384252711,
    "real_market_potential": 193723.88455191866,
    "foreign_market_potential": 21832.519125198414
  }
}