{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/khm/090412",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/090412",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/khm/090412",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "090412",
    "exporter_iso3": "KHM",
    "first_data_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 47,
    "current_lane_count": 16,
    "active_market_count": 16,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 707653.8436982972,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 642716.7901936265,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 310385.56987206585,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 211150.43205312072,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 122162.24745944557,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 127.76600154221498,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 77.91030347441657,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 73.38043933969416,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 216536.18171338274,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 833309.4984672623,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 54.385562202520816,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "KOR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 617347.2327276597,
    "top_market_share_pct": 87.23858963321919,
    "destination_hhi": 7630.918088219967,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 8.742564240812811,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 5.136876655073108,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.8195003779225787,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 83.5706661315672,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 76.59574468085107,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 78,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:09",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 90412,
      "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), crushed or ground",
      "hs_chapter": 9,
      "hs_heading": 904,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.5055566,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), crushed or ground",
    "hs_chapter": 9,
    "hs_heading": 904,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "KHM",
      "hs_code": 90412,
      "num_markets": 31,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "S19",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 107150,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 622.9813056670255,
      "median_price_across_markets": 19500,
      "price_spread_pct": 546.2924035606819,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2.056484848484849,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 699110
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2009,
        "export_value_usd": 7341.377936137436,
        "active_destinations": 1,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13058.969857083539
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 7058.402184542053,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.8545318611435926
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 3217.4001966756496,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -54.41744303375378
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1543.6560939796027,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -52.021632385844576
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2618.2954705982465,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 69.61650206997749
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 39710.66845399136,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1416.6610835146878
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 10083.102499831853,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -74.60858028236392
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 34943.07860069734,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 246.5508617142398
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 45074.426208902965,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.993860912997622
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 36059.03856542842,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.001114604746437
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 70201.20576359646,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 94.68407521797275
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 54394.24488580955,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.516651538745744
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 59479.02077020691,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.348003442408078
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 228960.89865236392,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 284.94396122783957
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 642716.7901936265,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 180.7102845842149
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KHM",
      "exports_usd": 32719680626.04409,
      "imports_usd": 38794058636.99639,
      "trade_balance_usd": -6074378010.952301,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 14.61360565773473,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 26.816640306942684,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.99824424874647,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.761156275595811,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1531.7423621059168,
      "export_product_hhi": 131.6461197843722,
      "momentum_score": 13.52899723503825,
      "risk_score": 8.316942409451444,
      "gdp_million_usd": 46352.64703724056,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2627.8796975622413,
      "population": 17638801,
      "labor_force": 10189.65,
      "investment_rate_pct": 20.82,
      "savings_rate_pct": 17.75,
      "secondary_education_pct": 32.04,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 4.9,
      "total_factor_productivity": 227.02,
      "trade_openness_pct": 254.05852193006342,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 116.23939376601227,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 19,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 4,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9535.465020576132,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 7.037037037037037,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.4814814814814816,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.129827767764832,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13718964305697579,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.019500921211912735,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11768872184506304,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9721.93587512847,
      "num_border_partners": 85,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -8.63025243186149,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 69.7972972972973,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.445945945945946,
      "real_market_potential": 73917.561915717,
      "foreign_market_potential": 10066.97252736132
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "090412",
    "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), crushed or ground",
    "hs_chapter": 9,
    "hs_heading": 904
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "KHM",
    "hs_code": 90412,
    "num_markets": 31,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "S19",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 107150,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 622.9813056670255,
    "median_price_across_markets": 19500,
    "price_spread_pct": 546.2924035606819,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2.056484848484849,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 699110
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "export_value_usd": 7341.377936137436,
      "active_destinations": 1,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13058.969857083539
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 7058.402184542053,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.8545318611435926
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 3217.4001966756496,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -54.41744303375378
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1543.6560939796027,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -52.021632385844576
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2618.2954705982465,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 69.61650206997749
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 39710.66845399136,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1416.6610835146878
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 10083.102499831853,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -74.60858028236392
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 34943.07860069734,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 246.5508617142398
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 45074.426208902965,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.993860912997622
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 36059.03856542842,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.001114604746437
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 70201.20576359646,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 94.68407521797275
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 54394.24488580955,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.516651538745744
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 59479.02077020691,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.348003442408078
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 228960.89865236392,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 284.94396122783957
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 642716.7901936265,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 180.7102845842149
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "KHM",
    "exports_usd": 32719680626.04409,
    "imports_usd": 38794058636.99639,
    "trade_balance_usd": -6074378010.952301,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 14.61360565773473,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 26.816640306942684,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.99824424874647,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.761156275595811,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1531.7423621059168,
    "export_product_hhi": 131.6461197843722,
    "momentum_score": 13.52899723503825,
    "risk_score": 8.316942409451444,
    "gdp_million_usd": 46352.64703724056,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2627.8796975622413,
    "population": 17638801,
    "labor_force": 10189.65,
    "investment_rate_pct": 20.82,
    "savings_rate_pct": 17.75,
    "secondary_education_pct": 32.04,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 4.9,
    "total_factor_productivity": 227.02,
    "trade_openness_pct": 254.05852193006342,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 116.23939376601227,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 19,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 4,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9535.465020576132,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 7.037037037037037,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.4814814814814816,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.129827767764832,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13718964305697579,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.019500921211912735,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11768872184506304,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9721.93587512847,
    "num_border_partners": 85,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -8.63025243186149,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 69.7972972972973,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.445945945945946,
    "real_market_potential": 73917.561915717,
    "foreign_market_potential": 10066.97252736132
  }
}