{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/khm/090411",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/090411",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/khm/090411",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "090411",
    "exporter_iso3": "KHM",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 75,
    "current_lane_count": 54,
    "active_market_count": 54,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 37537097.91170996,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 37428243.306338124,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 30516937.63295253,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 25731427.714980323,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16433442.175018594,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.443129913989903,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 32.995176957068615,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.44767690353559,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 10465771.575345313,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 44960597.68134936,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.0045469895456876,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "VNM",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 27459212.76230927,
    "top_market_share_pct": 73.1521995304362,
    "destination_hhi": 5549.313106683441,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 14.730562321877908,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 5.498418898401342,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.3660608822878282,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 78.29599919803914,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 52,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 90,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:09",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 90411,
      "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), neither crushed nor ground",
      "hs_chapter": 9,
      "hs_heading": 904,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.0587635,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), neither crushed nor ground",
    "hs_chapter": 9,
    "hs_heading": 904,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 90411,
        "corridor_rank": 14,
        "exporter_iso3": "KHM",
        "importer_iso3": "VNM",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 20,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 27459212.76230927,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6304427.15824251,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 22689496.956100464,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 18624861.0678036,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11533901.456071462,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.73687709451636,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 49.99024983029341,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.619088056135322,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 31360847.895909965,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 145917814.27302098,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.42105263157895,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.882210961618961,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 81.5818,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 71.583,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 18.818273080030817,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 7.309422050305216,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 43.382301726897246,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IDN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 28,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3266.34,
        "distance_km": 1054.8017578125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.15199240541618356,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.14867678384516428,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4421056766273588,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 79.74633484689528,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 90411,
        "corridor_rank": 58,
        "exporter_iso3": "KHM",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 14,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5014902.757432316,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1808679.7983731453,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4226527.907220061,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3747124.9683511956,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2503597.618219989,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 21.517982231295484,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.105447123545929,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 36.02199256659602,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5014902.757432316,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 106014984.96984087,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.53846153846154,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.504010335300535,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 51.6838,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.1622,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.730371615728622,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.843754189828307,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 45.148917680083734,
        "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
        "supplier_count_latest": 88,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2532.41,
        "distance_km": 9552.0439453125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.009095862192644032,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05268825464705786,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9880108313290479,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 59.73683470071914,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "KHM",
      "hs_code": 90411,
      "num_markets": 56,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SVK",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 347000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 600,
      "median_price_across_markets": 16588.235294117647,
      "price_spread_pct": 2088.22695035461,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 99.45673099415207,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 93468928
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 192834.22128853362,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 530.5870269579513
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1172628.1686732285,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 508.10169524767633
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1059114.2673715185,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.680298012126501
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 4168826.3188196504,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 293.61440472006217
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 8163777.409155417,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 95.82915633354776
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 2301376.3818005193,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -71.80990776133117
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 5126509.577496593,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 122.75841613903175
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 11518099.231180185,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 124.67722057401814
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 7735908.221545649,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.83693718661425
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 8995389.763261355,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.280978336943868
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 10064280.04085003,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.882645507526506
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 27042045.635193992,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 168.69329475563774
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 39170401.67799744,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 44.84999473197747
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 14952167.91452204,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -61.82789230134221
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 37428243.306338124,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 150.31984338529648
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KHM",
      "exports_usd": 32719680626.04409,
      "imports_usd": 38794058636.99639,
      "trade_balance_usd": -6074378010.952301,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 14.61360565773473,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 26.816640306942684,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.99824424874647,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.761156275595811,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1531.7423621059168,
      "export_product_hhi": 131.6461197843722,
      "momentum_score": 13.52899723503825,
      "risk_score": 8.316942409451444,
      "gdp_million_usd": 46352.64703724056,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2627.8796975622413,
      "population": 17638801,
      "labor_force": 10189.65,
      "investment_rate_pct": 20.82,
      "savings_rate_pct": 17.75,
      "secondary_education_pct": 32.04,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 4.9,
      "total_factor_productivity": 227.02,
      "trade_openness_pct": 254.05852193006342,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 116.23939376601227,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 19,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 4,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9535.465020576132,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 7.037037037037037,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.4814814814814816,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.129827767764832,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13718964305697579,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.019500921211912735,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11768872184506304,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9721.93587512847,
      "num_border_partners": 85,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -8.63025243186149,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 69.7972972972973,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.445945945945946,
      "real_market_potential": 73917.561915717,
      "foreign_market_potential": 10066.97252736132
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "090411",
    "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), neither crushed nor ground",
    "hs_chapter": 9,
    "hs_heading": 904
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 90411,
      "corridor_rank": 14,
      "exporter_iso3": "KHM",
      "importer_iso3": "VNM",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 20,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 27459212.76230927,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6304427.15824251,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 22689496.956100464,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 18624861.0678036,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11533901.456071462,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.73687709451636,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 49.99024983029341,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.619088056135322,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 31360847.895909965,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 145917814.27302098,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.42105263157895,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.882210961618961,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 81.5818,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 71.583,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 18.818273080030817,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 7.309422050305216,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 43.382301726897246,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IDN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 28,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3266.34,
      "distance_km": 1054.8017578125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.15199240541618356,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.14867678384516428,
      "volatility_cv": 1.4421056766273588,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 79.74633484689528,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 90411,
      "corridor_rank": 58,
      "exporter_iso3": "KHM",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 14,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5014902.757432316,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1808679.7983731453,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4226527.907220061,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3747124.9683511956,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2503597.618219989,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 21.517982231295484,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.105447123545929,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 36.02199256659602,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5014902.757432316,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 106014984.96984087,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.53846153846154,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.504010335300535,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 51.6838,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.1622,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.730371615728622,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.843754189828307,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 45.148917680083734,
      "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
      "supplier_count_latest": 88,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2532.41,
      "distance_km": 9552.0439453125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.009095862192644032,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05268825464705786,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9880108313290479,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 59.73683470071914,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "KHM",
    "hs_code": 90411,
    "num_markets": 56,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SVK",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 347000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HKG",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 600,
    "median_price_across_markets": 16588.235294117647,
    "price_spread_pct": 2088.22695035461,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 99.45673099415207,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 93468928
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 192834.22128853362,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 530.5870269579513
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1172628.1686732285,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 508.10169524767633
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1059114.2673715185,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.680298012126501
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 4168826.3188196504,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 293.61440472006217
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 8163777.409155417,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 95.82915633354776
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 2301376.3818005193,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -71.80990776133117
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 5126509.577496593,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 122.75841613903175
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 11518099.231180185,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 124.67722057401814
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 7735908.221545649,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.83693718661425
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 8995389.763261355,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.280978336943868
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 10064280.04085003,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.882645507526506
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 27042045.635193992,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 168.69329475563774
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 39170401.67799744,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 44.84999473197747
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 14952167.91452204,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -61.82789230134221
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 37428243.306338124,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 150.31984338529648
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "KHM",
    "exports_usd": 32719680626.04409,
    "imports_usd": 38794058636.99639,
    "trade_balance_usd": -6074378010.952301,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 14.61360565773473,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 26.816640306942684,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.99824424874647,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.761156275595811,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1531.7423621059168,
    "export_product_hhi": 131.6461197843722,
    "momentum_score": 13.52899723503825,
    "risk_score": 8.316942409451444,
    "gdp_million_usd": 46352.64703724056,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2627.8796975622413,
    "population": 17638801,
    "labor_force": 10189.65,
    "investment_rate_pct": 20.82,
    "savings_rate_pct": 17.75,
    "secondary_education_pct": 32.04,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 4.9,
    "total_factor_productivity": 227.02,
    "trade_openness_pct": 254.05852193006342,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 116.23939376601227,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 19,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 4,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9535.465020576132,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 7.037037037037037,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.4814814814814816,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.129827767764832,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13718964305697579,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.019500921211912735,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11768872184506304,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9721.93587512847,
    "num_border_partners": 85,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -8.63025243186149,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 69.7972972972973,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.445945945945946,
    "real_market_potential": 73917.561915717,
    "foreign_market_potential": 10066.97252736132
  }
}