{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kaz/281990",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/281990",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/kaz/281990",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "281990",
    "exporter_iso3": "KAZ",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 54,
    "current_lane_count": 16,
    "active_market_count": 16,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 153093961.02726272,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 139458351.29796767,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 124447035.16545363,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 99911131.29225293,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 87894514.95144373,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 19.967731618195806,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.427506871153817,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.0308749225807645,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 67796230.32331179,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 241077780.786396,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 13.936856695615042,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "HKG",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 77863318.70681566,
    "top_market_share_pct": 50.85982372155744,
    "destination_hhi": 3387.063701881208,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 82.10187491628851,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 4.505312687673154,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2849713799674947,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 73.56741098236486,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 48.148148148148145,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 88,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:07",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 281990,
      "hs_description": "Chromium oxides and hydroxides: excluding chromium trioxide",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2819,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Chromium oxides and hydroxides: excluding chromium trioxide",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2819,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 281990,
        "corridor_rank": 1,
        "exporter_iso3": "KAZ",
        "importer_iso3": "HKG",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 15,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 77863318.70681566,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 13812150.419630714,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 50093587.55455043,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 32402829.748593986,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 23475300.042846076,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 120.20058870668664,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 56.77926730626544,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 27.919862571756692,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 77863318.70681566,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 77879898.40449263,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 64.28571428571429,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 92.28072613492995,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 84.4123,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1152.9339,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 99.97871119760472,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.07908074974088208,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 99.97871119760472,
        "peer_top_exporter": "KAZ",
        "supplier_count_latest": 5,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9995.74,
        "distance_km": 4140.2841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4814770507995962,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 58.248845468005925,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281990,
        "corridor_rank": 2,
        "exporter_iso3": "KAZ",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 40607792.65256365,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 15552023.31927665,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 42591556.56641079,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 34833890.787465826,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 33882471.33355747,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.752142828461068,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.570083047215955,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.425488286983125,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 50864919.865451746,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 51103344.29316152,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 12.326654541477943,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.3281,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 40.8929,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 79.46210412299307,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 9.369208179376045,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 79.46210412299307,
        "peer_top_exporter": "KAZ",
        "supplier_count_latest": 19,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6489.39,
        "distance_km": 5610.2763671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.971992085946822,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 93.93876944949756,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281990,
        "corridor_rank": 4,
        "exporter_iso3": "KAZ",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2021,
        "lane_data_years": 17,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10918028.553883577,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1191310.776777587,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4531814.569823581,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2827642.3593955315,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1703679.6195175035,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 279.60378103823814,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 106.65638553088725,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 41.669382447466276,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10918028.553883577,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21844402.316276822,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 56.25,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 237.93439859077188,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 690.0783,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 46.8783,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 70.70746731599952,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 45.64187836191725,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 89.50109420165084,
        "peer_top_exporter": "RUS",
        "supplier_count_latest": 21,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 8048.68,
        "distance_km": 3277.169189453125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1675117538735632,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 2.126539605306865,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.63235510329265,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281990,
        "corridor_rank": 5,
        "exporter_iso3": "KAZ",
        "importer_iso3": "ESP",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 22,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8532775.8252523,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5633148.43361799,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9308995.996890498,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8180985.746559724,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8047654.495872423,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.271783769627701,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.843506913686802,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.8238118800164118,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11364793.602812665,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 30376754.447563544,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.904761904761905,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.4479718896112894,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 37.3112,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 13.164,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 28.089820589561693,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -8.205348707583266,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 28.089820589561686,
        "peer_top_exporter": "KAZ",
        "supplier_count_latest": 18,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2049.53,
        "distance_km": 6423.357421875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.023908024175287354,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.027339839346755476,
        "volatility_cv": 0.715027377330118,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 66.71283282123025,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281990,
        "corridor_rank": 13,
        "exporter_iso3": "KAZ",
        "importer_iso3": "JPN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3537512.3614613805,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1804945.5214752704,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3466276.308250585,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2757630.4302140013,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2571991.997183975,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.7993769668018,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 27.754040165611137,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.5350865646574627,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4642358.825223356,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14659844.87291899,
        "historical_peak_year": 2015,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 9.264290402144336,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.4509,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.082,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 24.130626156871532,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.9152876608749096,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 40.116394448594214,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 13,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2729.44,
        "distance_km": 5334.9462890625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.022404063978272028,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.015329684481490417,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6801599402447326,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 91.01675114810384,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281990,
        "corridor_rank": 49,
        "exporter_iso3": "KAZ",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 15,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 77216.97543618799,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 121421.17232793987,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 101379.38203765622,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 78151.24812649243,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 54037.822370086345,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 108.92818679767599,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 76.47586345363652,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -10.580132136376141,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 408220.2320110637,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15548367.18535634,
        "historical_peak_year": 1995,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 57.142857142857146,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 119.50831893405213,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 17.7598,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.4342,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.4966243369201621,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.699331381355697,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 51.35018257446566,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 18,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3768.46,
        "distance_km": 10240.8779296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.022583220148927205,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.026745505383065138,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9003091017125703,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.8949251784501,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "KAZ",
      "hs_code": 281990,
      "num_markets": 26,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 27000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "UKR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1103.8409399005875,
      "median_price_across_markets": 3400.7496409998457,
      "price_spread_pct": 761.4838430883653,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2795.3379540229885,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 713564708
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 60212752.66863264,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 178.12903529577858
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 78047101.3722237,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.6188895427824
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 74194132.07267237,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.936723122074302
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 51782834.4417026,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.206293954646092
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 77646355.53757082,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.9461286248931
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 77378269.30623093,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.34526569789894085
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 54769544.9018853,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.218441569001403
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 85496159.39563705,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 56.10164289076294
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 93684578.39863063,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.577528465461626
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 68060941.05078878,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.35096617376291
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 45444345.980685346,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.229918248156984
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 80770204.98421834,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 77.73433249220292
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 121138877.18755038,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.979657983063994
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 112743877.01084282,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.930062727682548
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 139458351.29796767,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.694833808629507
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KAZ",
      "exports_usd": 87795516290.23764,
      "imports_usd": 69814589084.80554,
      "trade_balance_usd": 17980927205.4321,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -8.576219587496148,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 4.409277222057284,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 12.909558360690365,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 18.02363967222025,
      "export_partner_hhi": 783.5784602184942,
      "export_product_hhi": 2193.6707734819265,
      "momentum_score": -2.130486203040194,
      "risk_score": 14.886246168502103,
      "gdp_million_usd": 291480.2746488259,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 14154.632495807635,
      "population": 20592571,
      "labor_force": 9122.36,
      "investment_rate_pct": 27.59,
      "savings_rate_pct": 36.41,
      "secondary_education_pct": 98.35,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.36,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1119.4,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.20856997639201,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 28.525346321315265,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 11,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 2,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7647.934156378601,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 4.074074074074074,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.7407407407407408,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.10727317410470447,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.11212636083210703,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.025022220856312206,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.08710413997579483,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7718.2260358963085,
      "num_border_partners": 125,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.133630635162035,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 73.58960176991151,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.125,
      "real_market_potential": 23994538.407020297,
      "foreign_market_potential": 344669.6749054843
    },
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