{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/jpn/860712",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/860712",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/jpn/860712",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "860712",
    "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 51,
    "current_lane_count": 10,
    "active_market_count": 10,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 5668893.73517714,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1645613.0724052473,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3977223.9237154736,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5047239.77630095,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 36787304.809145115,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -37.0818539414256,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -49.48023013336184,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -18.1074153873225,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 37451274.32167756,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 158197181.5330745,
    "historical_peak_year": 2017,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -18.9744385541031,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "BGD",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1046157.531,
    "top_market_share_pct": 18.454350705293475,
    "destination_hhi": 980.0069047005485,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 26.613800032566783,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -20.923139783009564,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9648698699946031,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 51.21212375708074,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 60.78431372549019,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 75,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:06",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 860712,
      "hs_description": "Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock: parts, bogies and bissel-bogies (excluding driving bogies and bissel-bogies)",
      "hs_chapter": 86,
      "hs_heading": 8607,
      "substitution_elasticity": -24.380144,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock: parts, bogies and bissel-bogies (excluding driving bogies and bissel-bogies)",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8607,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 860712,
        "corridor_rank": 70,
        "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2021,
        "lane_data_years": 7,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 241457.00125565342,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 45205.50783900391,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 149012.5650253483,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 74966.05921831037,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 61472.09617539563,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 483.89391926023626,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 100.26230827225957,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 57.169263914047974,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 241457.00125565342,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27227453.040182553,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 66.66666666666667,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 426.7246553461883,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 17.7918,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 94.787,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.3797443217607518,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.05107444957776763,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 78.39766460763335,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 12,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6446.86,
        "distance_km": 9869.275390625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.058542705568686876,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05620174566202021,
        "volatility_cv": 1.8184658940973049,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 91.6468746590143,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 860712,
        "corridor_rank": 89,
        "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
        "importer_iso3": "AUT",
        "latest_data_year": 2009,
        "lane_data_years": 3,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 118714.31729106707,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 398525.1724263201,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 398525.1724263201,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 398525.1724263201,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 398525.1724263201,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1039204.9065518302,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16613432.313148612,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -35.1332,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.4079,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.3243383070251798,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.0724421819973284,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 73.65157708437597,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 12,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5850.66,
        "distance_km": 9141.0625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09412011077777775,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.13979245031987,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 88.57642833067723,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": 860712,
      "num_markets": 23,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NAM",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 301571.4285714286,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MNG",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 238.88888888888889,
      "median_price_across_markets": 20459.82269169103,
      "price_spread_pct": 1472.8013249348162,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 88.32036,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 100396359
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 20298395.25523299,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 78.03843764864689
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 38944389.57749437,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 91.85945040386571
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1784655.0262072273,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -95.41742714273134
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 16285282.828160089,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 812.5171301464233
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 12130590.650795583,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.51194364386672
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 26591706.703029547,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 119.21196970969862
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 87041652.56131652,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 227.3263109185843
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 94800514.16503039,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.913964033768933
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 84197114.59745018,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.18495997724403
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 50005861.183119826,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -40.60858092085474
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 6697592.981820056,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -86.60638408507018
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 6606934.128538276,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.3536035039433494
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 8106791.704847081,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.701264264619425
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 2179266.9938940913,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -73.11800927867557
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1645613.0724052473,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.487771483900094
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
      "exports_usd": 740389741752.2847,
      "imports_usd": 691789705389.4546,
      "trade_balance_usd": 48600036362.83008,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.0722413952978127,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -4.978019335077743,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.7236616069066013,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.7946276917458315,
      "export_partner_hhi": 897.0853649088637,
      "export_product_hhi": 96.5751068492112,
      "momentum_score": -1.2676674587804493,
      "risk_score": 4.968302358790375,
      "gdp_million_usd": 4027597.5235505826,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 32487.07780475674,
      "population": 123975371,
      "labor_force": 67182.93,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.79,
      "savings_rate_pct": 24.61,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.24,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 46.64,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2283.36,
      "trade_openness_pct": 19.979395999512008,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 10.328691613308246,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 48,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 0,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9989.440329218107,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 17.77777777777778,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13759291822904723,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13804069222958484,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.019201928440430494,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11883876378915435,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 10078.773537545436,
      "num_border_partners": 0,
      "num_colonial_partners": 135,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859108559552851,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.89348283111423,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6862882504087833,
      "real_market_potential": 1053545.3175285766,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20680.15785812393
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "860712",
    "hs_description": "Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock: parts, bogies and bissel-bogies (excluding driving bogies and bissel-bogies)",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8607
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 860712,
      "corridor_rank": 70,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2021,
      "lane_data_years": 7,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 241457.00125565342,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 45205.50783900391,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 149012.5650253483,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 74966.05921831037,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 61472.09617539563,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 483.89391926023626,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 100.26230827225957,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 57.169263914047974,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 241457.00125565342,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27227453.040182553,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 66.66666666666667,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 426.7246553461883,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 17.7918,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 94.787,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.3797443217607518,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.05107444957776763,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 78.39766460763335,
      "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 12,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 6446.86,
      "distance_km": 9869.275390625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.058542705568686876,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05620174566202021,
      "volatility_cv": 1.8184658940973049,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 91.6468746590143,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 860712,
      "corridor_rank": 89,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "AUT",
      "latest_data_year": 2009,
      "lane_data_years": 3,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 118714.31729106707,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 398525.1724263201,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 398525.1724263201,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 398525.1724263201,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 398525.1724263201,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1039204.9065518302,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16613432.313148612,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -35.1332,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.4079,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.3243383070251798,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.0724421819973284,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 73.65157708437597,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 12,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5850.66,
      "distance_km": 9141.0625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09412011077777775,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.13979245031987,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 88.57642833067723,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
    "hs_code": 860712,
    "num_markets": 23,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NAM",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 301571.4285714286,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MNG",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 238.88888888888889,
    "median_price_across_markets": 20459.82269169103,
    "price_spread_pct": 1472.8013249348162,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 88.32036,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 100396359
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 20298395.25523299,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 78.03843764864689
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 38944389.57749437,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 91.85945040386571
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1784655.0262072273,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -95.41742714273134
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 16285282.828160089,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 812.5171301464233
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 12130590.650795583,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.51194364386672
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 26591706.703029547,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 119.21196970969862
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 87041652.56131652,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 227.3263109185843
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 94800514.16503039,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.913964033768933
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 84197114.59745018,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.18495997724403
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 50005861.183119826,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -40.60858092085474
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 6697592.981820056,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -86.60638408507018
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 6606934.128538276,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.3536035039433494
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 8106791.704847081,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.701264264619425
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 2179266.9938940913,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -73.11800927867557
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1645613.0724052473,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.487771483900094
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "JPN",
    "exports_usd": 740389741752.2847,
    "imports_usd": 691789705389.4546,
    "trade_balance_usd": 48600036362.83008,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.0722413952978127,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -4.978019335077743,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.7236616069066013,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.7946276917458315,
    "export_partner_hhi": 897.0853649088637,
    "export_product_hhi": 96.5751068492112,
    "momentum_score": -1.2676674587804493,
    "risk_score": 4.968302358790375,
    "gdp_million_usd": 4027597.5235505826,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 32487.07780475674,
    "population": 123975371,
    "labor_force": 67182.93,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.79,
    "savings_rate_pct": 24.61,
    "secondary_education_pct": 95.24,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 46.64,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2283.36,
    "trade_openness_pct": 19.979395999512008,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 10.328691613308246,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 48,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 0,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9989.440329218107,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 17.77777777777778,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13759291822904723,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13804069222958484,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.019201928440430494,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11883876378915435,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 10078.773537545436,
    "num_border_partners": 0,
    "num_colonial_partners": 135,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859108559552851,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.89348283111423,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6862882504087833,
    "real_market_potential": 1053545.3175285766,
    "foreign_market_potential": 20680.15785812393
  }
}