{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/jpn/291816",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/291816",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/jpn/291816",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "291816",
    "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 80,
    "current_lane_count": 30,
    "active_market_count": 30,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 4596081.8472498935,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 4324188.31839558,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4385362.019817728,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4463158.844337125,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3630476.2931387573,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.1868479468311395,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.6353327625016503,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.8760545669659585,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3998812.3795394236,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 11927020.737373408,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.062902513797098,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "CHE",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1792859.6030887302,
    "top_market_share_pct": 39.00843506869887,
    "destination_hhi": 2267.607565297449,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 39.86183668461527,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 10.365680081599058,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0450843526510905,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 88.22919256902976,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 48.75,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 95,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:06",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 291816,
      "hs_description": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2918,
      "substitution_elasticity": -11.463535,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2918,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 291816,
        "corridor_rank": 37,
        "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
        "importer_iso3": "VNM",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 139754.54862333045,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 71229.23338080785,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 121144.51792993087,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 170082.50644351338,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 157439.01946511478,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -12.70647472060995,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.365572539452557,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.853431963712648,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 276881.97682496125,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13334266.828465566,
        "historical_peak_year": 2020,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.55555555555556,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -25.5599066843226,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 19.841,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 30.5184,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.0480857359550277,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5027866046453056,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 65.13006534245743,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 16,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4901.95,
        "distance_km": 3672.563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.15377010469806765,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10670270104362317,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0693643643001243,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 83.4251853619458,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": 291816,
      "num_markets": 36,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 532709.6774193549,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "COL",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 577.6926351638995,
      "median_price_across_markets": 9043.478260869564,
      "price_spread_pct": 5884.1517548251895,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 16.791685483870967,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 19276733
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 2321409.9247799725,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.077170899548983
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 3878762.054538485,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 67.08647676287165
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 3135805.528768558,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.154475456946475
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 2956297.422610593,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.724465516471568
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2956311.145974193,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.00046420781260978107
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 2079944.5398730799,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.643923214730634
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2284286.1892280835,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.82437971002211
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2244925.120944881,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.7231233314291352
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 3190409.6189535493,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.11652714771695
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 4189403.240702352,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.312393738220724
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 4394284.480249267,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.890463576205349
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 4765423.681983178,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.445952996490057
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 5071991.8086021505,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.4331767137102
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 3759905.93245545,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.869242807557168
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 4324188.31839558,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.007885731109747
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
      "exports_usd": 740389741752.2847,
      "imports_usd": 691789705389.4546,
      "trade_balance_usd": 48600036362.83008,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.0722413952978127,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -4.978019335077743,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.7236616069066013,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.7946276917458315,
      "export_partner_hhi": 897.0853649088637,
      "export_product_hhi": 96.5751068492112,
      "momentum_score": -1.2676674587804493,
      "risk_score": 4.968302358790375,
      "gdp_million_usd": 4027597.5235505826,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 32487.07780475674,
      "population": 123975371,
      "labor_force": 67182.93,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.79,
      "savings_rate_pct": 24.61,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.24,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 46.64,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2283.36,
      "trade_openness_pct": 19.979395999512008,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 10.328691613308246,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 48,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 0,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9989.440329218107,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 17.77777777777778,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13759291822904723,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13804069222958484,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.019201928440430494,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11883876378915435,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 10078.773537545436,
      "num_border_partners": 0,
      "num_colonial_partners": 135,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859108559552851,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.89348283111423,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6862882504087833,
      "real_market_potential": 1053545.3175285766,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20680.15785812393
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "291816",
    "hs_description": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2918
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 291816,
      "corridor_rank": 37,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "VNM",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 28,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 139754.54862333045,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 71229.23338080785,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 121144.51792993087,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 170082.50644351338,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 157439.01946511478,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -12.70647472060995,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.365572539452557,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.853431963712648,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 276881.97682496125,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13334266.828465566,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.55555555555556,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -25.5599066843226,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 19.841,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 30.5184,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.0480857359550277,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5027866046453056,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 65.13006534245743,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 16,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4901.95,
      "distance_km": 3672.563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.15377010469806765,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10670270104362317,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0693643643001243,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 83.4251853619458,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
    "hs_code": 291816,
    "num_markets": 36,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 532709.6774193549,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "COL",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 577.6926351638995,
    "median_price_across_markets": 9043.478260869564,
    "price_spread_pct": 5884.1517548251895,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 16.791685483870967,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 19276733
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 2321409.9247799725,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.077170899548983
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 3878762.054538485,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 67.08647676287165
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 3135805.528768558,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.154475456946475
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 2956297.422610593,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.724465516471568
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2956311.145974193,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.00046420781260978107
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 2079944.5398730799,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.643923214730634
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 2284286.1892280835,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.82437971002211
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 2244925.120944881,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.7231233314291352
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 3190409.6189535493,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.11652714771695
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 4189403.240702352,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.312393738220724
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 4394284.480249267,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.890463576205349
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 4765423.681983178,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.445952996490057
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 5071991.8086021505,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.4331767137102
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 3759905.93245545,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.869242807557168
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 4324188.31839558,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.007885731109747
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "JPN",
    "exports_usd": 740389741752.2847,
    "imports_usd": 691789705389.4546,
    "trade_balance_usd": 48600036362.83008,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.0722413952978127,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -4.978019335077743,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.7236616069066013,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.7946276917458315,
    "export_partner_hhi": 897.0853649088637,
    "export_product_hhi": 96.5751068492112,
    "momentum_score": -1.2676674587804493,
    "risk_score": 4.968302358790375,
    "gdp_million_usd": 4027597.5235505826,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 32487.07780475674,
    "population": 123975371,
    "labor_force": 67182.93,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.79,
    "savings_rate_pct": 24.61,
    "secondary_education_pct": 95.24,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 46.64,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2283.36,
    "trade_openness_pct": 19.979395999512008,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 10.328691613308246,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 48,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 0,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9989.440329218107,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 17.77777777777778,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13759291822904723,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13804069222958484,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.019201928440430494,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11883876378915435,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 10078.773537545436,
    "num_border_partners": 0,
    "num_colonial_partners": 135,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859108559552851,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.89348283111423,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6862882504087833,
    "real_market_potential": 1053545.3175285766,
    "foreign_market_potential": 20680.15785812393
  }
}