{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/ita/860712",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/860712",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/ita/860712",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "860712",
    "exporter_iso3": "ITA",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 78,
    "current_lane_count": 18,
    "active_market_count": 18,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 4754766.820061259,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1847514.1615747113,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1442449.594152726,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1636597.0163108436,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2720541.718494431,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -12.805876857514885,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.997465060859385,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.4183732382719194,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 21744160.99091987,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 120699634.64073771,
    "historical_peak_year": 2004,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.224250095786804,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "CHE",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1527222.90306474,
    "top_market_share_pct": 32.11982755118712,
    "destination_hhi": 1747.5048795489163,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 24.38352999550514,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 8.831377709148004,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2635598107608441,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.35140799150584,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 48.717948717948715,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 89,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:03",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 860712,
      "hs_description": "Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock: parts, bogies and bissel-bogies (excluding driving bogies and bissel-bogies)",
      "hs_chapter": 86,
      "hs_heading": 8607,
      "substitution_elasticity": -24.380144,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock: parts, bogies and bissel-bogies (excluding driving bogies and bissel-bogies)",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8607,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 860712,
        "corridor_rank": 71,
        "exporter_iso3": "ITA",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2022,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 230511.4597907477,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4990136.92277733,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 225445.6304773765,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 294082.0211000247,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 199432.4499320858,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -22.747942425927736,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.488115951476074,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.853086975047065,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 28302154.51065593,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 146003808.2519037,
        "historical_peak_year": 2005,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.53846153846154,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.894855450880671,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.6316,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.6874,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.18034672712303101,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.19003365831176827,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 70.47401674787547,
        "peer_top_exporter": "AUT",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5279.49,
        "distance_km": 1146.023193359375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.6797812223761228,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.94834660448012,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 860712,
        "corridor_rank": 72,
        "exporter_iso3": "ITA",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 18,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 210228.71828547967,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1611230.9448726822,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 113738.85183423714,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 76354.33963632867,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 67177.01587117014,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 409.9475026351163,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 39.60488859665021,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 43.94376107117608,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7880798.008236586,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 38730115.631152794,
        "historical_peak_year": 2001,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 47.05882352941177,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 366.0037415639402,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.2623,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 26.6142,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.5428042619020248,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.48245546400567785,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 42.73348763641,
        "peer_top_exporter": "AUT",
        "supplier_count_latest": 17,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3053.42,
        "distance_km": 6895.10693359375,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0467447546369697,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.3693857468164496,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.97988382345476,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs_code": 860712,
      "num_markets": 35,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "FIN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 630698.5074626865,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 47.2490739904237,
      "median_price_across_markets": 14390.697674418605,
      "price_spread_pct": 4382.353605480596,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 11.877527027027025,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 10369930
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 2830547.3414207264,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 217.43330613956115
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2408292.6029695733,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.91777693565133
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 9773026.299809365,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 305.80726311074574
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 3374350.0287344414,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -65.47282361452089
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1604801.6960522549,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -52.441161041786174
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 4595845.47326741,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 186.38089581865458
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 7493252.472736484,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 63.04404741896526
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2616780.887239732,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -65.07817003683446
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 2868802.8301050644,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.630991425161843
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1447750.440041405,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -49.53468307933927
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1068705.839249995,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.181625666131335
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 2786930.459846046,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 160.77619841600944
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1816893.033171176,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -34.80666061285419
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 662941.5877122901,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -63.51234907014847
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1847514.1615747116,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 178.684305799882
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "exports_usd": 654275734623.9749,
      "imports_usd": 595030207111.4551,
      "trade_balance_usd": 59245527512.519775,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -0.26468001147846865,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -3.2738106802156164,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.6801002895280535,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.4098663546813004,
      "export_partner_hhi": 484.82075696221654,
      "export_product_hhi": 49.055362317871925,
      "momentum_score": 0.618754078823488,
      "risk_score": 2.6693805964004422,
      "gdp_million_usd": 2380825.077243593,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 40385.3413957669,
      "population": 58952704,
      "labor_force": 25532.63,
      "investment_rate_pct": 21.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 22.49,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.34,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 14,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1927.7,
      "trade_openness_pct": 59.461771516644205,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 31.140806220014166,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 2,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6486.106995884774,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.7407407407407408,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1280561636960187,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.130523755319255,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024784923491291164,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10573883182796384,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6487.277925619425,
      "num_border_partners": 120,
      "num_colonial_partners": 50,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.886166874339372,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.97222222222221,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 914533.7367379565,
      "foreign_market_potential": 28481.76958066884
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "860712",
    "hs_description": "Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock: parts, bogies and bissel-bogies (excluding driving bogies and bissel-bogies)",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8607
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 860712,
      "corridor_rank": 71,
      "exporter_iso3": "ITA",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2022,
      "lane_data_years": 27,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 230511.4597907477,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4990136.92277733,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 225445.6304773765,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 294082.0211000247,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 199432.4499320858,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -22.747942425927736,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.488115951476074,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.853086975047065,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 28302154.51065593,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 146003808.2519037,
      "historical_peak_year": 2005,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.53846153846154,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.894855450880671,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.6316,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.6874,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.18034672712303101,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.19003365831176827,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 70.47401674787547,
      "peer_top_exporter": "AUT",
      "supplier_count_latest": 30,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5279.49,
      "distance_km": 1146.023193359375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.6797812223761228,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.94834660448012,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Slowing",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 860712,
      "corridor_rank": 72,
      "exporter_iso3": "ITA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 18,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 210228.71828547967,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1611230.9448726822,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 113738.85183423714,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 76354.33963632867,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 67177.01587117014,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 409.9475026351163,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 39.60488859665021,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 43.94376107117608,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7880798.008236586,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 38730115.631152794,
      "historical_peak_year": 2001,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 47.05882352941177,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 366.0037415639402,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.2623,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 26.6142,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.5428042619020248,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.48245546400567785,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 42.73348763641,
      "peer_top_exporter": "AUT",
      "supplier_count_latest": 17,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3053.42,
      "distance_km": 6895.10693359375,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.3693857468164496,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.97988382345476,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Slowing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ITA",
    "hs_code": 860712,
    "num_markets": 35,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "FIN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 630698.5074626865,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GRC",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 47.2490739904237,
    "median_price_across_markets": 14390.697674418605,
    "price_spread_pct": 4382.353605480596,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 11.877527027027025,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 10369930
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 2830547.3414207264,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 217.43330613956115
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 2408292.6029695733,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.91777693565133
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 9773026.299809365,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 305.80726311074574
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 3374350.0287344414,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -65.47282361452089
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 1604801.6960522549,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -52.441161041786174
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 4595845.47326741,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 186.38089581865458
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 7493252.472736484,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 63.04404741896526
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 2616780.887239732,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -65.07817003683446
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 2868802.8301050644,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.630991425161843
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1447750.440041405,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -49.53468307933927
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1068705.839249995,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.181625666131335
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 2786930.459846046,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 160.77619841600944
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1816893.033171176,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.80666061285419
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 662941.5877122901,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -63.51234907014847
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1847514.1615747116,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 178.684305799882
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ITA",
    "exports_usd": 654275734623.9749,
    "imports_usd": 595030207111.4551,
    "trade_balance_usd": 59245527512.519775,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -0.26468001147846865,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -3.2738106802156164,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.6801002895280535,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.4098663546813004,
    "export_partner_hhi": 484.82075696221654,
    "export_product_hhi": 49.055362317871925,
    "momentum_score": 0.618754078823488,
    "risk_score": 2.6693805964004422,
    "gdp_million_usd": 2380825.077243593,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 40385.3413957669,
    "population": 58952704,
    "labor_force": 25532.63,
    "investment_rate_pct": 21.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 22.49,
    "secondary_education_pct": 95.34,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 14,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1927.7,
    "trade_openness_pct": 59.461771516644205,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 31.140806220014166,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 2,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6486.106995884774,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.7407407407407408,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1280561636960187,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.130523755319255,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024784923491291164,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10573883182796384,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6487.277925619425,
    "num_border_partners": 120,
    "num_colonial_partners": 50,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.886166874339372,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.97222222222221,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 914533.7367379565,
    "foreign_market_potential": 28481.76958066884
  }
}