{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/hkg/283324",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/283324",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/hkg/283324",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "283324",
    "exporter_iso3": "HKG",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 42,
    "current_lane_count": 5,
    "active_market_count": 5,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1507605.622843365,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 336379.8448135196,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 657326.2082420608,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 614316.5781681108,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 555108.4058753836,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -24.338272885306534,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -6.3099999115801,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -10.161905516808767,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 2453990.885396121,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 8442180.874903869,
    "historical_peak_year": 2010,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.176367368497766,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "NLD",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 477174.8597463668,
    "top_market_share_pct": 31.651172728210476,
    "destination_hhi": 1641.0386261138092,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 4.123317412758166,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.07499936243673071,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0717928872995013,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 42.034133207953964,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 64.28571428571429,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 72.5,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:54",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 283324,
      "hs_description": "Sulphates: of nickel",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2833,
      "substitution_elasticity": -11.884235,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Sulphates: of nickel",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2833,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 283324,
        "corridor_rank": 93,
        "exporter_iso3": "HKG",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
        "latest_data_year": 2022,
        "lane_data_years": 3,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 477174.8597463668,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 182330.6483095002,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 268319.8868619709,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 268319.8868619709,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 268319.8868619709,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 258.549154664423,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 115.14399152871073,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 46.67787547163027,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 477174.8597463668,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 22855060.82494546,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 211.8712791927927,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 618.7464,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 85.5688,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.426106845184586,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.740493831448533,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 98.72479747311249,
        "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 21,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9747.27,
        "distance_km": 9290.6708984375,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.021459679842030305,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03948345883733584,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1487275496285834,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs_code": 283324,
      "num_markets": 13,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IDN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 131896.22641509434,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZWE",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 440,
      "median_price_across_markets": 4463.809523809524,
      "price_spread_pct": 2944.933597948561,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 16.53118918918919,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 3015334
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4277520.20573206,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 249.6346682149145
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 3495231.048959293,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.288380162984755
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1709269.8348967324,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -51.097085973596265
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1356626.7149560184,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.631214144255893
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 982255.9058006381,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.595712588301584
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 711163.6333906541,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.59894553029094
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 444209.533389003,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.537647802500715
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 541701.1664039544,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.94721762749203
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 316450.59861528676,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.58207176919664
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 465976.23611438344,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 47.25086258436092
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 322997.4212533616,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.683713841991878
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 776606.8448610102,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 140.43747527378366
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 852600.2388997187,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.785310874038087
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 782998.5410129442,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.163462160953133
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 336379.8448135196,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -57.03953108541504
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "HKG",
      "exports_usd": 153218814639.72852,
      "imports_usd": 417846014907.37115,
      "trade_balance_usd": -264627200267.64264,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 3.6280923159413225,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.6071108846417381,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.922787551326746,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.3400696910802692,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1199.9124608112613,
      "export_product_hhi": 615.5538713564995,
      "momentum_score": 1.0628283557609022,
      "risk_score": 9.077331660838803,
      "gdp_million_usd": 406863.39648734155,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 54074.69285194795,
      "population": 7524100,
      "labor_force": 3823.13,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.99,
      "savings_rate_pct": 22.16,
      "secondary_education_pct": 92.54,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 27.89,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2099.77,
      "trade_openness_pct": 175.07416110356294,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 46.97304763034854,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 22,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 82,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9551.9670781893,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 8.148148148148149,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 30.37037037037037,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13462173834356606,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13832556573909252,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.04451096216649276,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09381460357259977,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9699.666409594265,
      "num_border_partners": 25,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.614901355291828,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.43562439496611,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.7105517909002903,
      "real_market_potential": 728468.0125759835,
      "foreign_market_potential": 13626.736907663428
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "283324",
    "hs_description": "Sulphates: of nickel",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2833
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 283324,
      "corridor_rank": 93,
      "exporter_iso3": "HKG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "latest_data_year": 2022,
      "lane_data_years": 3,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 477174.8597463668,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 182330.6483095002,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 268319.8868619709,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 268319.8868619709,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 268319.8868619709,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 258.549154664423,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 115.14399152871073,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 46.67787547163027,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 477174.8597463668,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 22855060.82494546,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 211.8712791927927,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 618.7464,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 85.5688,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.426106845184586,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.740493831448533,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 98.72479747311249,
      "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 21,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 9747.27,
      "distance_km": 9290.6708984375,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.021459679842030305,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03948345883733584,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1487275496285834,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "HKG",
    "hs_code": 283324,
    "num_markets": 13,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IDN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 131896.22641509434,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZWE",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 440,
    "median_price_across_markets": 4463.809523809524,
    "price_spread_pct": 2944.933597948561,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 16.53118918918919,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 3015334
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 4277520.20573206,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 249.6346682149145
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 3495231.048959293,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.288380162984755
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1709269.8348967324,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -51.097085973596265
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1356626.7149560184,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.631214144255893
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 982255.9058006381,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.595712588301584
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 711163.6333906541,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.59894553029094
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 444209.533389003,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.537647802500715
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 541701.1664039544,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.94721762749203
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 316450.59861528676,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.58207176919664
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 465976.23611438344,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 47.25086258436092
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 322997.4212533616,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.683713841991878
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 776606.8448610102,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 140.43747527378366
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 852600.2388997187,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.785310874038087
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 782998.5410129442,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.163462160953133
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 336379.8448135196,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -57.03953108541504
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "HKG",
    "exports_usd": 153218814639.72852,
    "imports_usd": 417846014907.37115,
    "trade_balance_usd": -264627200267.64264,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 3.6280923159413225,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.6071108846417381,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.922787551326746,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.3400696910802692,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1199.9124608112613,
    "export_product_hhi": 615.5538713564995,
    "momentum_score": 1.0628283557609022,
    "risk_score": 9.077331660838803,
    "gdp_million_usd": 406863.39648734155,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 54074.69285194795,
    "population": 7524100,
    "labor_force": 3823.13,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.99,
    "savings_rate_pct": 22.16,
    "secondary_education_pct": 92.54,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 27.89,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2099.77,
    "trade_openness_pct": 175.07416110356294,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 46.97304763034854,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 22,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 1,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 82,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9551.9670781893,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 8.148148148148149,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 30.37037037037037,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0.3703703703703704,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13462173834356606,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13832556573909252,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.04451096216649276,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09381460357259977,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9699.666409594265,
    "num_border_partners": 25,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.614901355291828,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.43562439496611,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.7105517909002903,
    "real_market_potential": 728468.0125759835,
    "foreign_market_potential": 13626.736907663428
  }
}