# Ghana HS 844331 exports | Yugalinks

Explore reported HS 844331 exports from Ghana: destinations, growth, concentration, prices, and history.

## Exporter position

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Exporter | Ghana |
| HS6 | 844331 |
| Latest exports | $191.5K |
| Active destinations | 44 |
| Three-year growth | +13.1% |
| Destination HHI | 1,554 |
| Weighted share | 2.5% |

## Destination markets

No destination observations are available.

## Price intelligence

- Highest reported market price: Côte d\'Ivoire at $193.0K / ton.
- Lowest reported market price: Singapore at $43.7 / ton.
- Median reported price: $2.5K / ton.
- Price spread: 7,744%.

## Export history

- 2010: $5.1K
- 2011: $24.5K
- 2012: $38.1K
- 2013: $28.6K
- 2014: $1.1K
- 2015: $116.8K
- 2016: $20.7K
- 2017: $24.5K
- 2018: $92.1K
- 2019: $4.4K
- 2020: $15.7K
- 2021: $96.9K
- 2022: $153.6K
- 2023: $165.6K
- 2024: $140.4K

## Methods

Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.

Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed.

## Complete structured values

```json
{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/844331",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/844331",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/844331",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "844331",
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 72,
    "current_lane_count": 44,
    "active_market_count": 44,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 191532.10528692682,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 140400.66369011972,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 153202.38919427773,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 114448.14427594231,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 83070.25085744305,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.138800199911294,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 100.01586912750025,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 62.56316107597031,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 143422.5273142978,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 589660.899820131,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -49.42436087605901,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "BEN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 50094.13016955752,
    "top_market_share_pct": 26.154429877180874,
    "destination_hhi": 1554.4094778220965,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 2.5317119391936314,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.6251345798659038,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1205798341035085,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 71.25781074757823,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 59.72222222222222,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 90,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:49",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 844331,
      "hs_description": "Printing, copying, and facsimile machines: machines which perform two or more of the functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8443,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.7854791,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Printing, copying, and facsimile machines: machines which perform two or more of the functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8443,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": 844331,
      "num_markets": 50,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CIV",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 193000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 43.74453193350831,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2491.6787264833574,
      "price_spread_pct": 7744.026283051195,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.0754305555555554,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 547047
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 5097.584113526131,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -84.54623211882395
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 24482.456952922425,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 380.2756836902349
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 38092.23188638195,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 55.58990651808317
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 28572.175409380805,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.99212045489145
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1089.3007543724893,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -96.1875470146566
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 116767.42313755915,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10619.484280980329
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 20653.12277861145,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -82.31259864809999
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      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 24540.39187251458,
        "active_destinations": 15,
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      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 92115.06890460564,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 275.36103491393385
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 4385.780501428297,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -95.23880234408747
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 15686.536020078189,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 257.66805965254366
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 96947.01777680023,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 518.0269350270296
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 153572.4382153597,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 58.40862538848527
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 165634.06567735356,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.854031362762792
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 140400.66369011972,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.234427703047015
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      "country_iso3": "GHA",
      "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656,
      "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
      "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
      "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
      "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
      "risk_score": 15.130014930025517,
      "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715,
      "population": 34427414,
      "labor_force": 14447.88,
      "investment_rate_pct": 23.75,
      "savings_rate_pct": 17.8,
      "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1,
      "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
      "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 17,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082,
      "num_border_partners": 70,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251,
      "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223,
      "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
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    "countryMap": {}
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  "product": {
    "hs_code": "844331",
    "hs_description": "Printing, copying, and facsimile machines: machines which perform two or more of the functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8443
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "hs_code": 844331,
    "num_markets": 50,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CIV",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 193000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 43.74453193350831,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2491.6787264833574,
    "price_spread_pct": 7744.026283051195,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.0754305555555554,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 547047
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  "history": [
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      "export_value_usd": 5097.584113526131,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -84.54623211882395
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    {
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      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 380.2756836902349
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      "year": 2012,
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    {
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    {
      "year": 2014,
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      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -96.1875470146566
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    {
      "year": 2015,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": 10619.484280980329
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    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 20653.12277861145,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": -82.31259864809999
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    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 24540.39187251458,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.821701374519595
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    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 92115.06890460564,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 275.36103491393385
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    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 4385.780501428297,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -95.23880234408747
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 15686.536020078189,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 257.66805965254366
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 96947.01777680023,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 518.0269350270296
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    {
      "year": 2022,
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      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.40862538848527
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    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 165634.06567735356,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.854031362762792
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    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 140400.66369011972,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.234427703047015
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    "country_iso3": "GHA",
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    "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
    "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
    "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
    "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
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    "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
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    "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
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    "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
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    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 17,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
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    "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
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}
```