{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/731815",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731815",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/731815",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731815",
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 91,
    "current_lane_count": 47,
    "active_market_count": 47,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 343020.11589106667,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 233454.4206488044,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 256798.65805026668,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 222935.04328400083,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 210131.2534607985,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 23.450958086386954,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.689892704665922,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.277043224233969,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 503454.4182832181,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 2038994.8644736356,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 29.728001310620925,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "GHA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 83680.76941682231,
    "top_market_share_pct": 24.395295068758273,
    "destination_hhi": 1343.1631695198287,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 2.164672560797861,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.6507127062772158,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9293612422226801,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 65.67406844310432,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 56.043956043956044,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 90,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:49",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731815,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded screws and bolts n.e.s. in item no. 7318.1, whether or not with their nuts or washers",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7318,
      "substitution_elasticity": -4.7071457,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded screws and bolts n.e.s. in item no. 7318.1, whether or not with their nuts or washers",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": 731815,
      "num_markets": 54,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1018400,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GAB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 5.649717514124294,
      "median_price_across_markets": 12194.871794871795,
      "price_spread_pct": 8351.004974982538,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 6.672445378151261,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1484892
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 256224.8889665834,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -46.53609423184776
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 503769.75879691006,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 96.612343488072
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 586460.5587770221,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.414403313448595
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 616382.6559605168,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.102149963143793
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 446418.60831730405,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.574437080543028
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 511118.79280788277,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.49316477519936
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 198069.0115100931,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -61.24794973356762
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 100077.49123391173,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -49.473423191788875
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 78258.38497750829,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.8022114537279
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 99113.63765858485,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.649224472330246
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 220194.40721908706,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 122.1635815422164
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 124084.83505011715,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -43.64759912968347
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 258011.09287906953,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 107.9312051104878
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 278930.460622926,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.107933465349662
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 233454.4206488044,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.303719526566407
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GHA",
      "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656,
      "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
      "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
      "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
      "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
      "risk_score": 15.130014930025517,
      "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715,
      "population": 34427414,
      "labor_force": 14447.88,
      "investment_rate_pct": 23.75,
      "savings_rate_pct": 17.8,
      "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1,
      "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
      "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 17,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082,
      "num_border_partners": 70,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251,
      "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223,
      "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731815",
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded screws and bolts n.e.s. in item no. 7318.1, whether or not with their nuts or washers",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "hs_code": 731815,
    "num_markets": 54,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1018400,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GAB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 5.649717514124294,
    "median_price_across_markets": 12194.871794871795,
    "price_spread_pct": 8351.004974982538,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 6.672445378151261,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 1484892
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 256224.8889665834,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -46.53609423184776
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 503769.75879691006,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 96.612343488072
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 586460.5587770221,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.414403313448595
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 616382.6559605168,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.102149963143793
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 446418.60831730405,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.574437080543028
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 511118.79280788277,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.49316477519936
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 198069.0115100931,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -61.24794973356762
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 100077.49123391173,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -49.473423191788875
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 78258.38497750829,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.8022114537279
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 99113.63765858485,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.649224472330246
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 220194.40721908706,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 122.1635815422164
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 124084.83505011715,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -43.64759912968347
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 258011.09287906953,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 107.9312051104878
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 278930.460622926,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.107933465349662
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 233454.4206488044,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.303719526566407
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "GHA",
    "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656,
    "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301,
    "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
    "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
    "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
    "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
    "risk_score": 15.130014930025517,
    "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715,
    "population": 34427414,
    "labor_force": 14447.88,
    "investment_rate_pct": 23.75,
    "savings_rate_pct": 17.8,
    "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1,
    "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
    "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 17,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082,
    "num_border_partners": 70,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251,
    "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223,
    "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
  }
}