{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/490199",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/490199",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/490199",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "490199",
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 153,
    "current_lane_count": 113,
    "active_market_count": 113,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 391870.3206655352,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 196339.01699384113,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 475780.2803393553,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 394460.9598877375,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 329018.00582353026,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -16.294684106122183,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -11.92861392064617,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.03783374204420209,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 719858.9955520878,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 9209618.238268794,
    "historical_peak_year": 2011,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -16.332517848166386,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "GHA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 185821.37512491888,
    "top_market_share_pct": 47.41909895327824,
    "destination_hhi": 2530.646351977755,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 0.4584831938747884,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.22239982407963446,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7841894870255912,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 49.76384774315791,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 30.065359477124183,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:49",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 490199,
      "hs_description": "Printed matter: books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter n.e.c. in item no. 4901.10 or 4901.91",
      "hs_chapter": 49,
      "hs_heading": 4901,
      "substitution_elasticity": -16.298405,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Printed matter: books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter n.e.c. in item no. 4901.10 or 4901.91",
    "hs_chapter": 49,
    "hs_heading": 4901,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": 490199,
      "num_markets": 110,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NER",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 157750,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 13.513513513513512,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2026.6666666666667,
      "price_spread_pct": 7783.050320056898,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2.1013736263736256,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 2561396
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 280134.78033131664,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 36.76007035287622
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 6044282.453136116,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2057.6337097405462
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1460813.7055327517,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -75.83147847806485
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 356396.2190225619,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -75.60289736653408
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 195597.73639487993,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -45.11789801493447
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 205951.54670460048,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.293420312808678
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 418495.01477582933,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 103.20071466910773
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 170427.6231577183,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -59.276068497731224
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 152463.32813257683,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.540717926058754
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 370537.74602589017,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 143.03401386048938
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 210193.21776424564,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -43.27346673351896
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 334770.74065637623,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 59.26809828462578
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 118664.5062688405,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -64.55350128981459
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1112337.3177553844,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 837.3799737853604
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 196339.01699384113,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -82.34896790210733
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GHA",
      "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656,
      "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
      "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
      "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
      "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
      "risk_score": 15.130014930025517,
      "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715,
      "population": 34427414,
      "labor_force": 14447.88,
      "investment_rate_pct": 23.75,
      "savings_rate_pct": 17.8,
      "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1,
      "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
      "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 17,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082,
      "num_border_partners": 70,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251,
      "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223,
      "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "490199",
    "hs_description": "Printed matter: books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter n.e.c. in item no. 4901.10 or 4901.91",
    "hs_chapter": 49,
    "hs_heading": 4901
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "hs_code": 490199,
    "num_markets": 110,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NER",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 157750,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MKD",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 13.513513513513512,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2026.6666666666667,
    "price_spread_pct": 7783.050320056898,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2.1013736263736256,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 2561396
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 280134.78033131664,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.76007035287622
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 6044282.453136116,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2057.6337097405462
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1460813.7055327517,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -75.83147847806485
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 356396.2190225619,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -75.60289736653408
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 195597.73639487993,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -45.11789801493447
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 205951.54670460048,
      "active_destinations": 75,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.293420312808678
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 418495.01477582933,
      "active_destinations": 78,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 103.20071466910773
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 170427.6231577183,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -59.276068497731224
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 152463.32813257683,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.540717926058754
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 370537.74602589017,
      "active_destinations": 66,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 143.03401386048938
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 210193.21776424564,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -43.27346673351896
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 334770.74065637623,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 59.26809828462578
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 118664.5062688405,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -64.55350128981459
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1112337.3177553844,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 837.3799737853604
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 196339.01699384113,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -82.34896790210733
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "GHA",
    "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656,
    "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301,
    "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
    "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
    "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
    "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
    "risk_score": 15.130014930025517,
    "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715,
    "population": 34427414,
    "labor_force": 14447.88,
    "investment_rate_pct": 23.75,
    "savings_rate_pct": 17.8,
    "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1,
    "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
    "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 17,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082,
    "num_border_partners": 70,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251,
    "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223,
    "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
  }
}