{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/482190",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/482190",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/482190",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "482190",
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 50,
    "current_lane_count": 17,
    "active_market_count": 17,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 91684631.71813877,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 91649505.85855341,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 32891242.488248304,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 89867308.76840949,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 45379647.04665224,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -32.35693640826186,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 107.31294263626157,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 120.62988680874875,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 49615278.86077051,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 297621755.31294984,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.57142857142857,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -152.98682321701062,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "BEN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 89256491.44133185,
    "top_market_share_pct": 97.35163873017278,
    "destination_hhi": 9480.781234022992,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 98.83386083531516,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 39.19302929627796,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.8757655700870917,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 99.91061084411562,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 66,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 78.5,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:49",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 482190,
      "hs_description": "Paper and paperboard: labels of all kinds, unprinted",
      "hs_chapter": 48,
      "hs_heading": 4821,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Paper and paperboard: labels of all kinds, unprinted",
    "hs_chapter": 48,
    "hs_heading": 4821,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 482190,
        "corridor_rank": 2,
        "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
        "importer_iso3": "BEN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 9,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 89256491.44133185,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 48502546.22277335,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 29953984.831618946,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 87133176.5255758,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 48502546.22277335,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -32.76005177714932,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 228.90296093505773,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 293601114.7893971,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 89359044.98390983,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 33010.3553,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1796.4152,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 99.8852342898288,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 40.284014309590994,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 99.8852342898288,
        "peer_top_exporter": "GHA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 16,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9977.07,
        "distance_km": 320.566162109375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.12424311137353534,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13078116144444443,
        "volatility_cv": 1.8911404626356183,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.9452136804615,
        "attention_level": "Critical attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": 482190,
      "num_markets": 23,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 64666.666666666664,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MOZ",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 275.986879312295,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5330.899976716475,
      "price_spread_pct": 1207.8763448684192,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 41.00604878048781,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 12053510
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 6413.811588708997,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -65.02382636303197
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 5642.052004607117,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.032776040077342
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 18082.40213673001,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 220.493361669912
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 7071.0177246547755,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -60.895584164165214
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 33534.10392766897,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 374.2472050486366
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 2769.006369745614,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -91.74271548833333
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 6273.383120428284,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 126.5571935468178
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 596154.9683422484,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9402.92620262524
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1461424.272362629,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 145.14167455929606
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 2393304.9942799076,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 63.76524186304518
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 54547875.18301271,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2179.186117665081
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 296114941.19428986,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 442.85330125288897
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 3650574.3290375946,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -98.76717658544545
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 3373647.277153922,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.585848880843892
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 91649505.85855341,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2616.629757923917
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GHA",
      "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656,
      "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
      "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
      "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
      "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
      "risk_score": 15.130014930025517,
      "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715,
      "population": 34427414,
      "labor_force": 14447.88,
      "investment_rate_pct": 23.75,
      "savings_rate_pct": 17.8,
      "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1,
      "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
      "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 17,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082,
      "num_border_partners": 70,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251,
      "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223,
      "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "482190",
    "hs_description": "Paper and paperboard: labels of all kinds, unprinted",
    "hs_chapter": 48,
    "hs_heading": 4821
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 482190,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "BEN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 9,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 89256491.44133185,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 48502546.22277335,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 29953984.831618946,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 87133176.5255758,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 48502546.22277335,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -32.76005177714932,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 228.90296093505773,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 293601114.7893971,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 89359044.98390983,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 33010.3553,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1796.4152,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 99.8852342898288,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 40.284014309590994,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 99.8852342898288,
      "peer_top_exporter": "GHA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 16,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 9977.07,
      "distance_km": 320.566162109375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.12424311137353534,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13078116144444443,
      "volatility_cv": 1.8911404626356183,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.9452136804615,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "hs_code": 482190,
    "num_markets": 23,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 64666.666666666664,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MOZ",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 275.986879312295,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5330.899976716475,
    "price_spread_pct": 1207.8763448684192,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 41.00604878048781,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 12053510
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 6413.811588708997,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -65.02382636303197
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 5642.052004607117,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.032776040077342
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 18082.40213673001,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 220.493361669912
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 7071.0177246547755,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -60.895584164165214
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 33534.10392766897,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 374.2472050486366
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 2769.006369745614,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -91.74271548833333
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 6273.383120428284,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 126.5571935468178
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 596154.9683422484,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9402.92620262524
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 1461424.272362629,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 145.14167455929606
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 2393304.9942799076,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 63.76524186304518
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 54547875.18301271,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2179.186117665081
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 296114941.19428986,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 442.85330125288897
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 3650574.3290375946,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -98.76717658544545
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 3373647.277153922,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.585848880843892
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 91649505.85855341,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2616.629757923917
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "GHA",
    "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656,
    "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301,
    "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
    "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
    "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
    "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
    "risk_score": 15.130014930025517,
    "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715,
    "population": 34427414,
    "labor_force": 14447.88,
    "investment_rate_pct": 23.75,
    "savings_rate_pct": 17.8,
    "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1,
    "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
    "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 17,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082,
    "num_border_partners": 70,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251,
    "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223,
    "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
  }
}