# Ghana HS 391721 exports | Yugalinks

Explore reported HS 391721 exports from Ghana: destinations, growth, concentration, prices, and history.

## Exporter position

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Exporter | Ghana |
| HS6 | 391721 |
| Latest exports | $25.3M |
| Active destinations | 17 |
| Three-year growth | +28.3% |
| Destination HHI | 2,681 |
| Weighted share | 33.2% |

## Destination markets

- Benin: $10.0M; share 25.2%; growth +46.9%
- Burkina Faso: $7.1M; share 44.7%; growth +9.1%

## Price intelligence

- Highest reported market price: Belgium at $47.8K / ton.
- Lowest reported market price: Mali at $725.3 / ton.
- Median reported price: $2.3K / ton.
- Price spread: 2,012%.

## Export history

- 2010: $2.8M
- 2011: $9.0M
- 2012: $9.1M
- 2013: $5.1M
- 2014: $3.0M
- 2015: $7.3M
- 2016: $3.9M
- 2017: $7.9M
- 2018: $12.6M
- 2019: $16.4M
- 2020: $15.3M
- 2021: $11.8M
- 2022: $10.6M
- 2023: $20.9M
- 2024: $25.0M

## Methods

Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.

Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed.

## Complete structured values

```json
{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/391721",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/391721",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/391721",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "391721",
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "first_data_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 39,
    "current_lane_count": 17,
    "active_market_count": 17,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 25316719.99008495,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 24994627.72752258,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 18817529.166885342,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16715931.633297164,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 13174832.76162928,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 28.298863404912744,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.768171614512376,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 23.616622801148136,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 8153316.554003467,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 41014645.51698469,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 57.142857142857146,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.682240603764608,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "BEN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 10027675.47570575,
    "top_market_share_pct": 39.608904627586014,
    "destination_hhi": 2681.4955797863972,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 33.24215509607332,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -2.111931742983238,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.5473393792182422,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 96.19298730166022,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 64.1025641025641,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 78.5,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:49",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 391721,
      "hs_description": "Plastics: tubes, pipes and hoses thereof, rigid, of polymers of ethylene",
      "hs_chapter": 39,
      "hs_heading": 3917,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.0632133,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Plastics: tubes, pipes and hoses thereof, rigid, of polymers of ethylene",
    "hs_chapter": 39,
    "hs_heading": 3917,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 391721,
        "corridor_rank": 45,
        "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
        "importer_iso3": "BEN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10027675.47570575,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1171057.9172418374,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5807281.168747161,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5026470.686306689,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2605942.4265293023,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 46.882954705904645,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 67.17893282843848,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 97.7505798317058,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10027675.47570575,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 39869987.35622955,
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        "trend_acceleration_pct": -50.86762512580116,
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        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 132.8783,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 374.3822,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 25.150937185183125,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -8.842532883703718,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 52.17001310707373,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CIV",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3468.83,
        "distance_km": 320.566162109375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.12424311137353534,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13078116144444443,
        "volatility_cv": 1.9407130486260662,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99982633933972,
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      },
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        "hs_code": 391721,
        "corridor_rank": 69,
        "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
        "importer_iso3": "BFA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7111038.517775843,
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        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5995697.9463204015,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6334698.634314751,
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        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -11.975076395694618,
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        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 81.5482,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 39.4407,
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        "supplier_count_latest": 22,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3492.5,
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        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07276356359575754,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07930161366666665,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9479699924813063,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 94.52637597923258,
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        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
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    "priceSummary": {
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      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 47753.48837209302,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MLI",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 725.3156783403858,
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      "price_spread_pct": 2011.9834347006185,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 528.9656808510638,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 75156314
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        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.07964519585625
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      {
        "year": 2013,
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      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2999700.721300805,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.01890329970635
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      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 7337234.436945568,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 144.5988823099597
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      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 3919949.676956351,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -46.574561428512915
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      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 7884782.297649724,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 101.14498775330891
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      {
        "year": 2018,
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      {
        "year": 2019,
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        "year": 2022,
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      {
        "year": 2023,
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        "year": 2024,
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    "economy": {
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      "country_iso3": "GHA",
      "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656,
      "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
      "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
      "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
      "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
      "risk_score": 15.130014930025517,
      "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715,
      "population": 34427414,
      "labor_force": 14447.88,
      "investment_rate_pct": 23.75,
      "savings_rate_pct": 17.8,
      "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1,
      "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
      "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 17,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082,
      "num_border_partners": 70,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251,
      "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223,
      "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "391721",
    "hs_description": "Plastics: tubes, pipes and hoses thereof, rigid, of polymers of ethylene",
    "hs_chapter": 39,
    "hs_heading": 3917
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  "destinations": [
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      "corridor_rank": 45,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "BEN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 27,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10027675.47570575,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1171057.9172418374,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5807281.168747161,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5026470.686306689,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2605942.4265293023,
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      "buyer_market_hhi": 3468.83,
      "distance_km": 320.566162109375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.12424311137353534,
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      "volatility_cv": 1.9407130486260662,
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      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
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      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "BFA",
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      "volatility_cv": 0.9479699924813063,
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      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "hs_code": 391721,
    "num_markets": 18,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BEL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 47753.48837209302,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MLI",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 725.3156783403858,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2337.4035731437516,
    "price_spread_pct": 2011.9834347006185,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 528.9656808510638,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 75156314
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  "history": [
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      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 2811859.23429718,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.07964519585625
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    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 8965202.49277187,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 218.8353948668667
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    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 9084383.871464292,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.3293774322276737
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    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 5085867.996899879,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.01526764103927
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    {
      "year": 2014,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.01890329970635
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    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 7337234.436945568,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 144.5988823099597
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    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 3919949.676956351,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -46.574561428512915
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    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 7884782.297649724,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 101.14498775330891
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    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 12608049.747912653,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": 59.90358734027226
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    {
      "year": 2019,
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    {
      "year": 2020,
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    {
      "year": 2021,
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      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.60379323962713
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      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.663113202541206
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      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 97.52364971248443
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 24994627.72752258,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.67915418559238
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "GHA",
    "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656,
    "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301,
    "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
    "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
    "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
    "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
    "risk_score": 15.130014930025517,
    "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715,
    "population": 34427414,
    "labor_force": 14447.88,
    "investment_rate_pct": 23.75,
    "savings_rate_pct": 17.8,
    "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1,
    "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
    "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 17,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082,
    "num_border_partners": 70,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251,
    "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223,
    "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
  }
}
```