{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/321590",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/321590",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/gha/321590",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "321590",
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 37,
    "current_lane_count": 16,
    "active_market_count": 16,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 72712.85003196937,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 57438.03421812118,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 72032.28193703135,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 47770.95612395679,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 41544.618744499865,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 161.60131680788976,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -11.311659596871436,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 15.796773341087867,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 110626.14731010432,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 340162.99595026625,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 145.8045434668019,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "TUN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 53040.4117323266,
    "top_market_share_pct": 72.94503201154477,
    "destination_hhi": 5385.498673099848,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 0.510941908108308,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.7416268419627089,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8092302772988956,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 57.86096928688035,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 72.97297297297297,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 78,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:49",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 321590,
      "hs_description": "Ink: writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solid",
      "hs_chapter": 32,
      "hs_heading": 3215,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.7772033,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Ink: writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solid",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3215,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": 321590,
      "num_markets": 16,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 707000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BFA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 482.8353464717101,
      "median_price_across_markets": 8115.107913669064,
      "price_spread_pct": 8706.19555734401,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.237875,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 238076
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 2377.18678579092,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -75.5574022228402
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1576.0754588367527,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.69997392475104
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 10072.074586574818,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 539.0604288711323
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 8419.457995723853,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.40790660003408
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 13250.58303323264,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 57.38047555985742
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 5112.205372988124,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -61.41901559979177
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 10139.738319262638,
        "active_destinations": 1,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 98.34372016505829
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 42579.93129513191,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 319.93126404694357
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 14078.7573272676,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -66.93569740710878
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 104680.7745105644,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 643.5370329725032
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 19549.599204909067,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -81.32455620784873
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 3208.335603780899,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -83.58873974779361
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 12043.747046343731,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 275.3892526751454
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 146615.06454662912,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1117.354233549258
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 57438.03421812118,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -60.82392051885384
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GHA",
      "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656,
      "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
      "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
      "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
      "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
      "risk_score": 15.130014930025517,
      "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715,
      "population": 34427414,
      "labor_force": 14447.88,
      "investment_rate_pct": 23.75,
      "savings_rate_pct": 17.8,
      "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1,
      "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
      "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 17,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082,
      "num_border_partners": 70,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251,
      "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223,
      "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "321590",
    "hs_description": "Ink: writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solid",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3215
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "hs_code": 321590,
    "num_markets": 16,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 707000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BFA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 482.8353464717101,
    "median_price_across_markets": 8115.107913669064,
    "price_spread_pct": 8706.19555734401,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.237875,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 238076
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 2377.18678579092,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -75.5574022228402
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1576.0754588367527,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.69997392475104
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 10072.074586574818,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 539.0604288711323
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 8419.457995723853,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.40790660003408
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 13250.58303323264,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 57.38047555985742
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 5112.205372988124,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -61.41901559979177
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 10139.738319262638,
      "active_destinations": 1,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 98.34372016505829
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 42579.93129513191,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 319.93126404694357
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 14078.7573272676,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.93569740710878
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 104680.7745105644,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 643.5370329725032
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 19549.599204909067,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -81.32455620784873
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 3208.335603780899,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -83.58873974779361
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 12043.747046343731,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 275.3892526751454
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 146615.06454662912,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1117.354233549258
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 57438.03421812118,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -60.82392051885384
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "GHA",
    "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656,
    "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301,
    "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685,
    "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788,
    "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925,
    "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617,
    "risk_score": 15.130014930025517,
    "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715,
    "population": 34427414,
    "labor_force": 14447.88,
    "investment_rate_pct": 23.75,
    "savings_rate_pct": 17.8,
    "secondary_education_pct": 69.53,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1,
    "total_factor_productivity": 340.41,
    "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 17,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082,
    "num_border_partners": 70,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251,
    "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223,
    "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845
  }
}