{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/961511",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/961511",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/961511",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "961511",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 150,
    "current_lane_count": 115,
    "active_market_count": 115,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 7594409.4249732345,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 7444303.625027095,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7801057.754515563,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6605648.37017928,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5228560.93045989,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.441704015413865,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.1443807125832723,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.613208577045443,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 2881974.1937507135,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 13786423.085006168,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.1715045616315773,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1792866.770267116,
    "top_market_share_pct": 23.60771812448648,
    "destination_hhi": 1006.1694652500862,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 13.730227206956547,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.6269944288174731,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1503034584195275,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 81.18910066843337,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 24,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 961511,
      "hs_description": "Combs, hair slides and the like: of hard rubber or plastics",
      "hs_chapter": 96,
      "hs_heading": 9615,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Combs, hair slides and the like: of hard rubber or plastics",
    "hs_chapter": 96,
    "hs_heading": 9615,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 961511,
        "corridor_rank": 67,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1100777.4479792304,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 430587.26272912533,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1278634.5428213282,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1068871.5443217386,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1013313.2844590297,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.626035243318157,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.003114975933075,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.06409625125371,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2087002.8811308306,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 18006071.20143532,
        "historical_peak_year": 2015,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.438061007935554,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 1.4481,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.7226,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.113368294864257,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.282946372996827,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 64.05525387423711,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 48,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4280.25,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2041317510791074,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 85.11642472336504,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 961511,
        "corridor_rank": 86,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 679656.2427588116,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 265551.71618410706,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 940445.9554251531,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 888484.912191984,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 577365.6357385686,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.801504463497466,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.622084175039667,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.361637674805534,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1125417.3965376038,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27978506.924919754,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.163142138303,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 16.7233,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.2601,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.429208408378142,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.2659105210513433,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 67.37937788240086,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 72,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4708.95,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.150197111069014,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 82.98587016468194,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 961511,
      "num_markets": 124,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2392500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 81.08108108108108,
      "median_price_across_markets": 22614.906832298137,
      "price_spread_pct": 10578.94660659011,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3.131059845559845,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 26198473
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1937891.0997048803,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.55676249899213
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2028251.449890306,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.6628187827059335
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1509811.7352444534,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.560919218072858
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1816677.9214721273,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.324798056890796
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2269502.9537993954,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.92599414431842
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 4356505.19003663,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 91.95856003374509
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2547174.3481090693,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.53170403803301
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2664507.9269246226,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.606421185996065
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 3312476.623564032,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.318512626355567
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 6376703.365068139,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 92.50561104963141
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 4098891.7056953427,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.720834559292
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 5526176.881654365,
        "active_destinations": 101,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 34.82124628898668
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 7852967.245122854,
        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.10488396042655
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 8105902.393396742,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.2208863271520123
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 7444303.625027095,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.161938501857618
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "961511",
    "hs_description": "Combs, hair slides and the like: of hard rubber or plastics",
    "hs_chapter": 96,
    "hs_heading": 9615
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 961511,
      "corridor_rank": 67,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1100777.4479792304,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 430587.26272912533,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1278634.5428213282,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1068871.5443217386,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1013313.2844590297,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.626035243318157,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.003114975933075,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.06409625125371,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2087002.8811308306,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 18006071.20143532,
      "historical_peak_year": 2015,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.438061007935554,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 1.4481,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.7226,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.113368294864257,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.282946372996827,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 64.05525387423711,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 48,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4280.25,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2041317510791074,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 85.11642472336504,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 961511,
      "corridor_rank": 86,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 679656.2427588116,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 265551.71618410706,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 940445.9554251531,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 888484.912191984,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 577365.6357385686,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.801504463497466,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.622084175039667,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.361637674805534,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1125417.3965376038,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27978506.924919754,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.163142138303,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 16.7233,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.2601,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.429208408378142,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.2659105210513433,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 67.37937788240086,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 72,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4708.95,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.150197111069014,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 82.98587016468194,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 961511,
    "num_markets": 124,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2392500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 81.08108108108108,
    "median_price_across_markets": 22614.906832298137,
    "price_spread_pct": 10578.94660659011,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3.131059845559845,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 26198473
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1937891.0997048803,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.55676249899213
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 2028251.449890306,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.6628187827059335
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1509811.7352444534,
      "active_destinations": 88,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.560919218072858
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1816677.9214721273,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.324798056890796
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2269502.9537993954,
      "active_destinations": 97,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.92599414431842
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 4356505.19003663,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 91.95856003374509
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 2547174.3481090693,
      "active_destinations": 110,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.53170403803301
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 2664507.9269246226,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.606421185996065
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 3312476.623564032,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.318512626355567
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 6376703.365068139,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 92.50561104963141
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 4098891.7056953427,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.720834559292
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 5526176.881654365,
      "active_destinations": 101,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.82124628898668
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 7852967.245122854,
      "active_destinations": 109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.10488396042655
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 8105902.393396742,
      "active_destinations": 110,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.2208863271520123
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 7444303.625027095,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.161938501857618
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}