{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/961220",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/961220",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/961220",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "961220",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 126,
    "current_lane_count": 43,
    "active_market_count": 43,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 849139.0078859528,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 699600.7186751579,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 552594.4974800582,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 504196.26498960366,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 379185.7765063831,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 19.400433479053667,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.915772296470378,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.605174664842124,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 702130.9455135564,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 4281509.963476597,
    "historical_peak_year": 2013,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.795258814211543,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "MLT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 174835.34033761377,
    "top_market_share_pct": 20.589719552855094,
    "destination_hhi": 1043.643001089427,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 38.17969200684185,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 6.355744793030955,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.7727002205826305,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 85.06030194002477,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 39.682539682539684,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 961220,
      "hs_description": "Ink pads: whether or not inked, with or without boxes",
      "hs_chapter": 96,
      "hs_heading": 9612,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.7805219,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Ink pads: whether or not inked, with or without boxes",
    "hs_chapter": 96,
    "hs_heading": 9612,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 961220,
        "corridor_rank": 14,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 12,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 18431.245048018187,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2104.166015222044,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6230.062734758304,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4393.410277772379,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2323.5726291193155,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 153.16397994412876,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 178.49519526843807,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 63.174304400853586,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 18431.245048018187,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10078984.70213899,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 36.36363636363637,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 89.98967554327517,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 17.4819,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.9721,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.18286807245680867,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.18208817614021042,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 36.899328752914684,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2228.26,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 2.362561655063405,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.5275933984919,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 961220,
      "num_markets": 74,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KWT",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5338000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 27.96934865900383,
      "median_price_across_markets": 29060,
      "price_spread_pct": 18368.79570079608,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.637964125560538,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 2223663
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 195973.95440838562,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.261907359109856
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 178449.62708468386,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.942171614898996
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 145713.25805223876,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.34487948630453
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1422146.423250027,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 875.9897227335223
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 195375.053294715,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -86.26195938050985
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 181955.87578899495,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.868419114633737
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 148484.12601279686,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.395531131412096
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 173025.3398063138,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.52783664659339
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 217051.76302564246,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.445072535972045
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 550359.3354820645,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 153.56132924709075
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 452206.61976302345,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.834296502496546
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 410991.2127448199,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.11428652676564
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 374905.14961633936,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.780251744916495
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 583277.6241486776,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 55.580051313132664
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 699600.7186751578,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.94300650505143
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "961220",
    "hs_description": "Ink pads: whether or not inked, with or without boxes",
    "hs_chapter": 96,
    "hs_heading": 9612
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 961220,
      "corridor_rank": 14,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 12,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 18431.245048018187,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2104.166015222044,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6230.062734758304,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4393.410277772379,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2323.5726291193155,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 153.16397994412876,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 178.49519526843807,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 63.174304400853586,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 18431.245048018187,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10078984.70213899,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 36.36363636363637,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 89.98967554327517,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 17.4819,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.9721,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.18286807245680867,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.18208817614021042,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 36.899328752914684,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 30,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2228.26,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 2.362561655063405,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.5275933984919,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 961220,
    "num_markets": 74,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KWT",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5338000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 27.96934865900383,
    "median_price_across_markets": 29060,
    "price_spread_pct": 18368.79570079608,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.637964125560538,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 2223663
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 195973.95440838562,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.261907359109856
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 178449.62708468386,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.942171614898996
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 145713.25805223876,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.34487948630453
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1422146.423250027,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 875.9897227335223
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 195375.053294715,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -86.26195938050985
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 181955.87578899495,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.868419114633737
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 148484.12601279686,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.395531131412096
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 173025.3398063138,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.52783664659339
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 217051.76302564246,
      "active_destinations": 49,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.445072535972045
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 550359.3354820645,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 153.56132924709075
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 452206.61976302345,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.834296502496546
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 410991.2127448199,
      "active_destinations": 49,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.11428652676564
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 374905.14961633936,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.780251744916495
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 583277.6241486776,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 55.580051313132664
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 699600.7186751578,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.94300650505143
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}