{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/960891",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/960891",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/960891",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "960891",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 120,
    "current_lane_count": 53,
    "active_market_count": 53,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 434691.78460133454,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 372052.79817575635,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 405351.512339127,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 397468.4449156981,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 389209.06716923014,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.5053829658312163,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.235311179201425,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.197274945657406,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 604915.5458841822,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 2562254.3105985476,
    "historical_peak_year": 2013,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.6918919798261896,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 118558.66393909632,
    "top_market_share_pct": 27.27419015931693,
    "destination_hhi": 1615.159090103402,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 27.95415893902972,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 5.157995898972144,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.3694656334552506,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.83502378209536,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 39.166666666666664,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 960891,
      "hs_description": "Pens: nibs and nib points",
      "hs_chapter": 96,
      "hs_heading": 9608,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.8646145,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Pens: nibs and nib points",
    "hs_chapter": 96,
    "hs_heading": 9608,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 960891,
        "corridor_rank": 26,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 19,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 55419.58947929172,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 18553.870225784107,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 41994.70521530183,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 60379.55873082504,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 31235.437428475452,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -19.83475257103772,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 73.23683018918723,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 156.07607644709267,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 107573.39927478024,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21223771.43018081,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.111111111111114,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -175.91082901813039,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 13.1456,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.5556,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.2611203652546101,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.18546271832183253,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 55.46941789800021,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 31,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3743,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.6173006875243492,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98463837815333,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 960891,
      "num_markets": 82,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GIB",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1697500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 217.94871794871796,
      "median_price_across_markets": 55463.41463414634,
      "price_spread_pct": 3060.183117966759,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.6114753363228699,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1732242
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 763594.9440866442,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.524382517787195
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 629106.8372343772,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.612493101710065
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 705181.5513593449,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.092495204693769
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 823742.3185472838,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.81280047094184
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 785230.7259114649,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.6751989995774705
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 628769.9268562507,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.925455524374776
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 519187.3575790514,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.42808690375742
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 240512.65124313868,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -53.67517183688004
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 316432.63772181334,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.565901455190293
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 199845.87371355732,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -36.84410206470275
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 357197.1422193574,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 78.73631092895845
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 414090.5453417519,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.927731887467287
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 519280.4382910802,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.40263093003351
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 324721.3005505442,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.46706469067428
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 372052.7981757564,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.5760372186748
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "960891",
    "hs_description": "Pens: nibs and nib points",
    "hs_chapter": 96,
    "hs_heading": 9608
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 960891,
      "corridor_rank": 26,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 19,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 55419.58947929172,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 18553.870225784107,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 41994.70521530183,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 60379.55873082504,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 31235.437428475452,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -19.83475257103772,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 73.23683018918723,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 156.07607644709267,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 107573.39927478024,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21223771.43018081,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.111111111111114,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -175.91082901813039,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 13.1456,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.5556,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.2611203652546101,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.18546271832183253,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 55.46941789800021,
      "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 31,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3743,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.6173006875243492,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98463837815333,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 960891,
    "num_markets": 82,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GIB",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1697500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 217.94871794871796,
    "median_price_across_markets": 55463.41463414634,
    "price_spread_pct": 3060.183117966759,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.6114753363228699,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 1732242
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 763594.9440866442,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.524382517787195
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 629106.8372343772,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.612493101710065
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 705181.5513593449,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.092495204693769
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 823742.3185472838,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.81280047094184
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 785230.7259114649,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.6751989995774705
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 628769.9268562507,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.925455524374776
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 519187.3575790514,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.42808690375742
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 240512.65124313868,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.67517183688004
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 316432.63772181334,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.565901455190293
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 199845.87371355732,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -36.84410206470275
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 357197.1422193574,
      "active_destinations": 53,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 78.73631092895845
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 414090.5453417519,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.927731887467287
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 519280.4382910802,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.40263093003351
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 324721.3005505442,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.46706469067428
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 372052.7981757564,
      "active_destinations": 53,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.5760372186748
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}