{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/960830",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/960830",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/960830",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "960830",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 159,
    "current_lane_count": 83,
    "active_market_count": 83,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 5412584.128421231,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 5250918.584775291,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4468709.494423003,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4761399.558225562,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3758855.073958911,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.497356545671916,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.639616165251128,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.904132099235579,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3370996.4376537465,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 16799177.184801422,
    "historical_peak_year": 2004,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -19.401488644907495,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2663094.272834485,
    "top_market_share_pct": 49.201900786182684,
    "destination_hhi": 3001.784901602812,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 33.813381086332484,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 4.340899216186555,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1942927643486325,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 91.17355572482741,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 25.157232704402517,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 960830,
      "hs_description": "Pens: fountain, stylograph and other pens",
      "hs_chapter": 96,
      "hs_heading": 9608,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Pens: fountain, stylograph and other pens",
    "hs_chapter": 96,
    "hs_heading": 9608,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 960830,
        "corridor_rank": 42,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1189088.4388203248,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 151746.4163862514,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 896011.1503942969,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 567781.5087306018,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 379835.2654138591,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 151.27305546675382,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 50.133341986123185,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 30.89142675674841,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1189088.4388203248,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 44947235.97304335,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 120.3816287100054,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.3888,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.6523,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.64552071574205,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.1919113732941078,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 32.506171648126866,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 60,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1642.21,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.859023413054493,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.7940427673949,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 960830,
        "corridor_rank": 77,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 360707.3495237984,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 249074.45444818196,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 324068.04942017776,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 763452.0289823448,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 491640.01426074904,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -41.668779216570705,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.696328099971336,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.983459782731327,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1817405.3172733423,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 48502119.39016643,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -61.65223899930203,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.39,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.6956,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7436939953533863,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2617641581249697,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 40.936186144125294,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 67,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2293.01,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.390130380880237,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 94.1087159673876,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 960830,
        "corridor_rank": 86,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 267920.9791183579,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 499966.0883851388,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 371582.0055839057,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 620260.2309641894,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 562079.9737027464,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -38.69039184263541,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -18.69974277849976,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.6613090649969187,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1304827.8893508662,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17117866.555765815,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -37.029082777638486,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -14.877,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.9942,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.5651540350868902,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.8884349318733713,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 29.793465732210873,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 58,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1587.34,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5757192357092841,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 82.45139414699175,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 960830,
        "corridor_rank": 96,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 213835.8299106149,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 289202.4815903084,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 166502.9231412986,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 376113.351924249,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 321100.20389086567,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -29.076505774597994,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -17.08222390120586,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.601551830191953,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1662190.8053318614,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12177567.973459098,
        "historical_peak_year": 2004,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -34.67805760478995,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -18.999,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.9053,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.755981410875047,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7233454336193288,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 57.5410447691861,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 42,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3626.98,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2997203841684801,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.42909990733965,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 960830,
      "num_markets": 107,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3887571.4285714286,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MOZ",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 73.53776263486655,
      "median_price_across_markets": 111866.66666666667,
      "price_spread_pct": 3475.1173040603044,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.1176115485564304,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 20260477
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1485212.7823620362,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.706581894158469
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1422330.0968976442,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.2339176050171945
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1154339.4328260836,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.841664438943962
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1174201.824368723,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.7206716653533813
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1308816.6677602425,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.464370144705867
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1907255.6688168119,
        "active_destinations": 94,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.7236690055811
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1786623.7450581938,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.324895279165875
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2947901.2514259964,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 64.99843683259553
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 3332250.308440401,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.03805739179637
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 3807521.974719904,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.262784073443296
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 4372649.129533795,
        "active_destinations": 76,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.842387215781303
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 6028220.178325007,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.861968791621905
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 3593354.4215790564,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -40.391121835607855
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 4561855.476914661,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.952561359366506
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 5250918.58477529,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.104886845881985
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "960830",
    "hs_description": "Pens: fountain, stylograph and other pens",
    "hs_chapter": 96,
    "hs_heading": 9608
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 960830,
      "corridor_rank": 42,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1189088.4388203248,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 151746.4163862514,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 896011.1503942969,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 567781.5087306018,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 379835.2654138591,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 151.27305546675382,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 50.133341986123185,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 30.89142675674841,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1189088.4388203248,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 44947235.97304335,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 120.3816287100054,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.3888,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.6523,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.64552071574205,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.1919113732941078,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 32.506171648126866,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 60,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1642.21,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.859023413054493,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.7940427673949,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 960830,
      "corridor_rank": 77,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 360707.3495237984,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 249074.45444818196,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 324068.04942017776,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 763452.0289823448,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 491640.01426074904,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -41.668779216570705,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.696328099971336,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.983459782731327,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1817405.3172733423,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 48502119.39016643,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -61.65223899930203,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.39,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.6956,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7436939953533863,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2617641581249697,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 40.936186144125294,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 67,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2293.01,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.390130380880237,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 94.1087159673876,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
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