{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/960190",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/960190",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/960190",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "960190",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 130,
    "current_lane_count": 66,
    "active_market_count": 66,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1809697.7879507411,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1704615.629265983,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1833139.0049114812,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1705317.3907447725,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1617777.82037575,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.18109467654527,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.890758517194736,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.3391489755369754,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1240866.2856510754,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 5531196.351703261,
    "historical_peak_year": 2011,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.520243652082245,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 348608.91384152765,
    "top_market_share_pct": 19.263377352982463,
    "destination_hhi": 858.1089099337039,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 19.443101349824765,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 4.521984810333205,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1371251745137325,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 92.46893966055748,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 27.692307692307693,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 960190,
      "hs_description": "Bone, tortoise shell, horn, antlers, coral, mother-of-pearl and other animal carving material and articles thereof (including articles obtained by moulding)",
      "hs_chapter": 96,
      "hs_heading": 9601,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Bone, tortoise shell, horn, antlers, coral, mother-of-pearl and other animal carving material and articles thereof (including articles obtained by moulding)",
    "hs_chapter": 96,
    "hs_heading": 9601,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 960190,
        "corridor_rank": 19,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 348608.91384152765,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 82446.28252676693,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 219120.2218759271,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 159142.31947866327,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 123487.28577377353,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 76.08721765013054,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.45176575034342,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.309685550665144,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 348608.91384152765,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 35779230.695418075,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.96296296296296,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 57.7775320994654,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.0869,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.1033,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.9743331733685683,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.28328960440575157,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 26.911469803277875,
        "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
        "supplier_count_latest": 68,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1382.9,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9270486329980577,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99997034831911,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 960190,
        "corridor_rank": 28,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 198539.92733447987,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 82244.17927760124,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 193047.98036877866,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 186823.9518014255,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 142114.3285751581,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.450952866667164,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.413796432243245,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.025037800213513,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 285954.0040653879,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16531344.611607546,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.475990666880676,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.8979,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.7536,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.200990796568806,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.18984784921740205,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 38.25555048547269,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 65,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2458.24,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8804592580798621,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 87.89562360964597,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 960190,
      "num_markets": 108,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1750000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SEN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 162.5,
      "median_price_across_markets": 25766.666666666668,
      "price_spread_pct": 6791.089909443725,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.8845392670157068,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 8139529
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1697777.1339101563,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.29970231202685
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2064918.7421757097,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.624841148613438
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1405976.7746187088,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -31.911278351936705
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1118221.5336855957,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.466571434734423
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1352721.6918905019,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.9708140239445
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1801475.1452225447,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.174115268668864
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1414374.7105263784,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.48796977425664
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 1540415.121601966,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.911387494243304
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1416687.3894206434,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.032103193887826
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1478238.8832621074,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.34474777576975
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1205968.1388240168,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.418589006213697
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1821201.8001654034,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 51.01574755874755
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1889084.3472967881,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.7273490024674674
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1905717.0381716713,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8804631142428335
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1704615.6292659827,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.55253245248957
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "960190",
    "hs_description": "Bone, tortoise shell, horn, antlers, coral, mother-of-pearl and other animal carving material and articles thereof (including articles obtained by moulding)",
    "hs_chapter": 96,
    "hs_heading": 9601
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 960190,
      "corridor_rank": 19,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 28,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 348608.91384152765,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 82446.28252676693,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 219120.2218759271,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 159142.31947866327,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 123487.28577377353,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 76.08721765013054,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.45176575034342,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.309685550665144,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 348608.91384152765,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 35779230.695418075,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.96296296296296,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 57.7775320994654,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.0869,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.1033,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.9743331733685683,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.28328960440575157,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 26.911469803277875,
      "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
      "supplier_count_latest": 68,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1382.9,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9270486329980577,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99997034831911,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 960190,
      "corridor_rank": 28,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 198539.92733447987,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 82244.17927760124,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 193047.98036877866,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 186823.9518014255,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 142114.3285751581,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.450952866667164,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.413796432243245,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.025037800213513,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 285954.0040653879,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16531344.611607546,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.475990666880676,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.8979,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.7536,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.200990796568806,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.18984784921740205,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 38.25555048547269,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 65,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2458.24,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8804592580798621,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 87.89562360964597,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 960190,
    "num_markets": 108,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1750000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SEN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 162.5,
    "median_price_across_markets": 25766.666666666668,
    "price_spread_pct": 6791.089909443725,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.8845392670157068,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 8139529
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1697777.1339101563,
      "active_destinations": 73,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.29970231202685
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 2064918.7421757097,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.624841148613438
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1405976.7746187088,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.911278351936705
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1118221.5336855957,
      "active_destinations": 69,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.466571434734423
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 1352721.6918905019,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.9708140239445
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1801475.1452225447,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.174115268668864
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1414374.7105263784,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.48796977425664
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 1540415.121601966,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.911387494243304
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 1416687.3894206434,
      "active_destinations": 83,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.032103193887826
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1478238.8832621074,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.34474777576975
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1205968.1388240168,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.418589006213697
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1821201.8001654034,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.01574755874755
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1889084.3472967881,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.7273490024674674
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1905717.0381716713,
      "active_destinations": 73,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8804631142428335
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1704615.6292659827,
      "active_destinations": 66,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.55253245248957
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}