{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/950612",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/950612",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/950612",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "950612",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 83,
    "current_lane_count": 40,
    "active_market_count": 40,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1649471.1457112117,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1609330.942554342,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1835995.9214680132,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1584101.310015775,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1031221.0270589165,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.00800033192124,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 12.816788184577499,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.245201246902202,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 853321.8847975511,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 4284805.262789006,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.2372009149809617,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1062722.5697318844,
    "top_market_share_pct": 64.42807881150685,
    "destination_hhi": 4509.326669934804,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 9.84136348220335,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.334429876664586,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.3352708347626314,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.61116676770543,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 46.98795180722892,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 950612,
      "hs_description": "Ski-fastenings (ski-bindings): for snow-skis",
      "hs_chapter": 95,
      "hs_heading": 9506,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.7046185,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Ski-fastenings (ski-bindings): for snow-skis",
    "hs_chapter": 95,
    "hs_heading": 9506,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 950612,
        "corridor_rank": 54,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1062722.5697318844,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 195633.70657342547,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1067865.4829133966,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 823460.2819954355,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 451158.86288388877,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 27.281015052845035,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 41.312952957573,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 31.381586911408576,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1118158.7426891173,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24354346.88945026,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.57142857142857,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.100571858563541,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.7478,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.0263,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.363584761914645,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.4476322132823678,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 21.881789886160604,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 33,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1407.33,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.6195673043575467,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.31791048226408,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 950612,
      "num_markets": 64,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1181000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1275,
      "median_price_across_markets": 46094.74491752972,
      "price_spread_pct": 2559.348147192704,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.9769946808510642,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 6621771
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 654371.5866865193,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.925757148554474
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 666928.9948541947,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.9190026619678207
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 409266.88920717966,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.63411362154762
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 280161.79015007673,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -31.545454191811533
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 606803.9731203476,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 116.59055390647511
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 337715.57231460727,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.345194284410525
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 337537.2337752523,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.052807318931930435
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 293843.2800533761,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.944928544081636
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 542011.643263124,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 84.45602811290038
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 880595.9911039313,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 62.46809492917825
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1170093.610819836,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.875191647532375
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1242425.1748549992,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.181690367874374
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 2115044.631660854,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 70.23517186117034
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1783612.190188843,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.670233928432575
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1609330.9425543423,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.77125232677673
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "950612",
    "hs_description": "Ski-fastenings (ski-bindings): for snow-skis",
    "hs_chapter": 95,
    "hs_heading": 9506
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 950612,
      "corridor_rank": 54,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1062722.5697318844,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 195633.70657342547,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1067865.4829133966,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 823460.2819954355,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 451158.86288388877,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 27.281015052845035,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 41.312952957573,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 31.381586911408576,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1118158.7426891173,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24354346.88945026,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.57142857142857,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.100571858563541,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.7478,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.0263,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.363584761914645,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.4476322132823678,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 21.881789886160604,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 33,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1407.33,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.6195673043575467,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 92.31791048226408,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 950612,
    "num_markets": 64,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1181000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ITA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1275,
    "median_price_across_markets": 46094.74491752972,
    "price_spread_pct": 2559.348147192704,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.9769946808510642,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 6621771
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 654371.5866865193,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.925757148554474
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 666928.9948541947,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.9190026619678207
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 409266.88920717966,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.63411362154762
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 280161.79015007673,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.545454191811533
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 606803.9731203476,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 116.59055390647511
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 337715.57231460727,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.345194284410525
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 337537.2337752523,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.052807318931930435
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 293843.2800533761,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.944928544081636
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 542011.643263124,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 84.45602811290038
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 880595.9911039313,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 62.46809492917825
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1170093.610819836,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.875191647532375
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1242425.1748549992,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.181690367874374
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 2115044.631660854,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 70.23517186117034
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1783612.190188843,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.670233928432575
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1609330.9425543423,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.77125232677673
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}