{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/940540",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/940540",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/940540",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "940540",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 185,
    "current_lane_count": 153,
    "active_market_count": 153,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 288498189.0717453,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 288051192.6895527,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 293135532.2229848,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 304558334.73596257,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 318521857.27116346,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.542101815244381,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.2558765683345054,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.5813930890081975,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 175660007.70082378,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 590457616.4606491,
    "historical_peak_year": 2018,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.123494904252579,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 71667079.82920948,
    "top_market_share_pct": 24.841431434908216,
    "destination_hhi": 875.9674728884011,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 5.971832513749453,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.19925486605993017,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8932646579206419,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 54.96648237437634,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 6.486486486486487,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 940540,
      "hs_description": "Lamps and light fittings: electric, n.e.s. in heading no. 9405",
      "hs_chapter": 94,
      "hs_heading": 9405,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.9874959,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Lamps and light fittings: electric, n.e.s. in heading no. 9405",
    "hs_chapter": 94,
    "hs_heading": 9405,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 940540,
        "corridor_rank": 58,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 71667079.82920948,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 27657308.76886659,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 69158858.61629413,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 68712947.92196783,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 56882888.64167758,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.6423417345636477,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.9053412420297233,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.936074982690936,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 80105253.27811007,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 806422640.428692,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.578416717254584,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.3512,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.5941,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 8.887037173350127,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9172410476010597,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.821850982811895,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 104,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2593.73,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8590714925049922,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 19.48498285098932,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 940540,
      "num_markets": 181,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BHS",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5888000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MOZ",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 15.568757133241638,
      "median_price_across_markets": 28913.26530612245,
      "price_spread_pct": 20364.301191522885,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 106.5753593350383,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1669083696
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 111939826.30941191,
        "active_destinations": 146,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.017661224071792
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 130774213.29739411,
        "active_destinations": 144,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.825456684131552
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 147887543.47965303,
        "active_destinations": 154,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.086165652047496
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 218650798.80986214,
        "active_destinations": 158,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 47.849368287022095
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 271827388.7226212,
        "active_destinations": 159,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.32032729914754
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 270057536.3422933,
        "active_destinations": 159,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.6510942067481941
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 296225664.2581384,
        "active_destinations": 162,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.689834347995177
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 333859419.02103233,
        "active_destinations": 156,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.704420752044943
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 384965633.2908095,
        "active_destinations": 157,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.307704787732114
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 377318646.1195476,
        "active_destinations": 160,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.9864077491523104
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 312227974.0859407,
        "active_destinations": 159,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.250849567869995
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 331157102.92491806,
        "active_destinations": 158,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.0625986170499555
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 287247231.6348072,
        "active_destinations": 158,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.259528756073923
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 304108172.34459436,
        "active_destinations": 155,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.869835755710031
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 288051192.6895527,
        "active_destinations": 153,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.280022411514471
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "940540",
    "hs_description": "Lamps and light fittings: electric, n.e.s. in heading no. 9405",
    "hs_chapter": 94,
    "hs_heading": 9405
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 940540,
      "corridor_rank": 58,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 71667079.82920948,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 27657308.76886659,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 69158858.61629413,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 68712947.92196783,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 56882888.64167758,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.6423417345636477,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.9053412420297233,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.936074982690936,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 80105253.27811007,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 806422640.428692,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.578416717254584,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.3512,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.5941,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 8.887037173350127,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9172410476010597,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 47.821850982811895,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 104,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2593.73,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8590714925049922,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 19.48498285098932,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 940540,
    "num_markets": 181,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BHS",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5888000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MOZ",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 15.568757133241638,
    "median_price_across_markets": 28913.26530612245,
    "price_spread_pct": 20364.301191522885,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 106.5753593350383,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 1669083696
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 111939826.30941191,
      "active_destinations": 146,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.017661224071792
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 130774213.29739411,
      "active_destinations": 144,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.825456684131552
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 147887543.47965303,
      "active_destinations": 154,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.086165652047496
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 218650798.80986214,
      "active_destinations": 158,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 47.849368287022095
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 271827388.7226212,
      "active_destinations": 159,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.32032729914754
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 270057536.3422933,
      "active_destinations": 159,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.6510942067481941
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 296225664.2581384,
      "active_destinations": 162,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.689834347995177
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 333859419.02103233,
      "active_destinations": 156,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.704420752044943
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 384965633.2908095,
      "active_destinations": 157,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.307704787732114
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 377318646.1195476,
      "active_destinations": 160,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.9864077491523104
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 312227974.0859407,
      "active_destinations": 159,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.250849567869995
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 331157102.92491806,
      "active_destinations": 158,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.0625986170499555
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 287247231.6348072,
      "active_destinations": 158,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.259528756073923
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 304108172.34459436,
      "active_destinations": 155,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.869835755710031
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 288051192.6895527,
      "active_destinations": 153,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.280022411514471
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}