{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/902140",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/902140",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/902140",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "902140",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 133,
    "current_lane_count": 52,
    "active_market_count": 52,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 31619090.82296639,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 30740952.488720965,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 29793826.6340954,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 30340318.416915067,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 24738147.236089427,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.019567795616366,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.818963521286701,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.6676204243586445,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 15367861.964639986,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 75042453.93747479,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.68718821997501,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 10770819.30709087,
    "top_market_share_pct": 34.064291624943024,
    "destination_hhi": 2098.37186754805,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 13.384634215316792,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.12830841630370876,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.502667338164255,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 75.94713256771679,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 38.34586466165413,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 902140,
      "hs_description": "Hearing aids (excluding parts and accessories)",
      "hs_chapter": 90,
      "hs_heading": 9021,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.1771069,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Hearing aids (excluding parts and accessories)",
    "hs_chapter": 90,
    "hs_heading": 9021,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 902140,
        "corridor_rank": 93,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10770819.30709087,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3993528.5168029377,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10458169.603648124,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10035169.145352319,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8085391.365551393,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.4810967736249125,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.129843260476765,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.287911198060764,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10770819.30709087,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 31532527.015684016,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.806814424435851,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 5.3754,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.5125,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 34.15780568976775,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.623238480996065,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 41.24913390568395,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 25,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3076.44,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8505714090694053,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 36.34392602637775,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 902140,
      "num_markets": 84,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CZE",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 141086000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CUB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 2000,
      "median_price_across_markets": 644333.3333333334,
      "price_spread_pct": 21896.120020693223,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.436935064935065,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 127825422
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 7496917.926962381,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.403960725932603
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 20749254.748368684,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 176.77046688406145
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 21316941.450566195,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.7359377918965624
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 18293608.706598192,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.182769845191373
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 16120973.034368645,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.876473948226051
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 14505462.24984943,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.021174162844106
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 15871732.064780299,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.419002244792656
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 19232836.417261638,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.17667018799857
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 21774787.366352826,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.216724220717468
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 24295062.178074762,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.57427978202145
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 24077932.48222446,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.8937194490749303
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 38242179.70006466,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 58.82667553909356
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 29700323.975759264,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.336215642778733
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 28940203.43780598,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.5593004930642405
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 30740952.48872096,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.2223095797681065
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "902140",
    "hs_description": "Hearing aids (excluding parts and accessories)",
    "hs_chapter": 90,
    "hs_heading": 9021
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 902140,
      "corridor_rank": 93,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10770819.30709087,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3993528.5168029377,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10458169.603648124,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10035169.145352319,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8085391.365551393,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.4810967736249125,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.129843260476765,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.287911198060764,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10770819.30709087,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 31532527.015684016,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.806814424435851,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 5.3754,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.5125,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 34.15780568976775,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.623238480996065,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 41.24913390568395,
      "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 25,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3076.44,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8505714090694053,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 36.34392602637775,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 902140,
    "num_markets": 84,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CZE",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 141086000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CUB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 2000,
    "median_price_across_markets": 644333.3333333334,
    "price_spread_pct": 21896.120020693223,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.436935064935065,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 127825422
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 7496917.926962381,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.403960725932603
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 20749254.748368684,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 176.77046688406145
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 21316941.450566195,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.7359377918965624
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 18293608.706598192,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.182769845191373
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 16120973.034368645,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.876473948226051
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 14505462.24984943,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.021174162844106
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 15871732.064780299,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.419002244792656
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 19232836.417261638,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.17667018799857
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 21774787.366352826,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.216724220717468
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 24295062.178074762,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.57427978202145
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 24077932.48222446,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.8937194490749303
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 38242179.70006466,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.82667553909356
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 29700323.975759264,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.336215642778733
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 28940203.43780598,
      "active_destinations": 53,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.5593004930642405
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 30740952.48872096,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.2223095797681065
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}