{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/900490",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/900490",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/900490",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "900490",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 193,
    "current_lane_count": 139,
    "active_market_count": 139,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 24412325.490712065,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 24236523.19118403,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24787547.76691879,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 23232456.393628143,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 20154036.52966717,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.6114932942994145,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.620130157497429,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.48868025577807,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 11121248.760822585,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 45308799.960491806,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.877186961478655,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4759360.050615469,
    "top_market_share_pct": 19.495725847282426,
    "destination_hhi": 1100.9578682293293,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 7.96577506894968,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.9719846844125177,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0968869728573207,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 83.70125173215449,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 15.544041450777202,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 900490,
      "hs_description": "Spectacles, goggles and the like: (other than sunglasses) corrective, protective or other",
      "hs_chapter": 90,
      "hs_heading": 9004,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.4722397,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Spectacles, goggles and the like: (other than sunglasses) corrective, protective or other",
    "hs_chapter": 90,
    "hs_heading": 9004,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 900490,
      "num_markets": 180,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 6353100,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BEN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 141.58576051779934,
      "median_price_across_markets": 54651.0989010989,
      "price_spread_pct": 11624.575794415983,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3.8644005681818157,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 100688894
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 7569620.304942471,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.289818327180706
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 11059923.864688573,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.10936109261862
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 8455969.49009229,
        "active_destinations": 128,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.544053344797643
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 10973332.53208404,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.770247455851152
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 10730650.69192024,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.2115600657707497
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 11961259.479444686,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.468165564750395
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 18497229.600581694,
        "active_destinations": 145,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 54.642825300872474
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 18818752.50232323,
        "active_destinations": 144,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.7382219320639418
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 19312695.097554866,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.6247361251531354
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 16788146.648626536,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.071963473642564
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 18002346.960439246,
        "active_destinations": 167,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.232485736667337
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 23797291.706945118,
        "active_destinations": 168,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.189940340781426
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 24591142.514514685,
        "active_destinations": 151,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.335887198196952
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 25534977.595057644,
        "active_destinations": 140,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.8381099210248966
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 24236523.19118403,
        "active_destinations": 139,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.085003106190052
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "900490",
    "hs_description": "Spectacles, goggles and the like: (other than sunglasses) corrective, protective or other",
    "hs_chapter": 90,
    "hs_heading": 9004
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 900490,
    "num_markets": 180,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 6353100,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BEN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 141.58576051779934,
    "median_price_across_markets": 54651.0989010989,
    "price_spread_pct": 11624.575794415983,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3.8644005681818157,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 100688894
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 7569620.304942471,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.289818327180706
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 11059923.864688573,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.10936109261862
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 8455969.49009229,
      "active_destinations": 128,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.544053344797643
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 10973332.53208404,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.770247455851152
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 10730650.69192024,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.2115600657707497
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 11961259.479444686,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.468165564750395
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 18497229.600581694,
      "active_destinations": 145,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 54.642825300872474
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 18818752.50232323,
      "active_destinations": 144,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.7382219320639418
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 19312695.097554866,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.6247361251531354
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 16788146.648626536,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.071963473642564
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 18002346.960439246,
      "active_destinations": 167,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.232485736667337
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 23797291.706945118,
      "active_destinations": 168,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.189940340781426
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 24591142.514514685,
      "active_destinations": 151,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.335887198196952
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 25534977.595057644,
      "active_destinations": 140,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.8381099210248966
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 24236523.19118403,
      "active_destinations": 139,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.085003106190052
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}