{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/900319",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/900319",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/900319",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "900319",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 157,
    "current_lane_count": 111,
    "active_market_count": 111,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 34219717.06962113,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 33996495.249819644,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 28949736.946080964,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 25671279.54728377,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 20112728.282336123,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.130276342399537,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 12.17132712691642,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.620139769711102,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 13900894.075955605,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 47940086.36149414,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.4898634273115654,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 8532888.588606145,
    "top_market_share_pct": 24.935590704171236,
    "destination_hhi": 1098.5341759484133,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 4.0705288713603744,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9700979981899726,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.991915912283355,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.22580936691821,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 18.471337579617835,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 900319,
      "hs_description": "Frames and mountings: for spectacles, goggles or the like, of materials other than plastics",
      "hs_chapter": 90,
      "hs_heading": 9003,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.4257009,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Frames and mountings: for spectacles, goggles or the like, of materials other than plastics",
    "hs_chapter": 90,
    "hs_heading": 9003,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 900319,
        "corridor_rank": 58,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8532888.588606145,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2068087.5717246959,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7612297.639761076,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6641348.348495985,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4543972.742138112,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.99922335573855,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.680978171983018,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 23.54444333426018,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8532888.588606145,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 203693956.3904419,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.54521997852163,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.0138,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.0906,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.189073028877818,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.0902003555642414,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 48.22510259326806,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 77,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3154.23,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.107449264483362,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 79.21999803613728,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 900319,
        "corridor_rank": 97,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4772360.018310148,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 970239.5707389041,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3733270.660355203,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3089190.9197054505,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2085838.3890060447,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.057619729686046,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 28.065112762410727,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.978732948301946,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4772360.018310148,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 174644751.8989293,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -0.9211132186159006,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.0469,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -0.6497,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 37.931,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.7326100363279258,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.0058889870919854,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 37.3047241437306,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 64,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2117.22,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1510845470955167,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.2568072542038,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 900319,
      "num_markets": 132,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 4302942.857142856,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 583.3333333333334,
      "median_price_across_markets": 317040.8163265306,
      "price_spread_pct": 1357.0364767728784,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.7232533589251443,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 100705641
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 11244055.440792521,
        "active_destinations": 101,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.161012049786958
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 8366150.493737653,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.594901787962222
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 10311812.276335767,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.256356481448755
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 10964139.744838445,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.326021566545411
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 10357943.251794258,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.528901556819026
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 10933692.10696593,
        "active_destinations": 94,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.558524903792429
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 11783032.140194844,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.768099054918465
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 13706669.105134498,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.325483475324244
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 17203836.842943225,
        "active_destinations": 101,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.514351524680002
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 19143654.89170395,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.27549666083011
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 16055653.053054158,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.130680667399623
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 25451533.84512178,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 58.52070146894653
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 28128193.819352742,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.516694162792046
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 24724521.76907048,
        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.100570950774912
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 33996495.24981965,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.50112365104707
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "900319",
    "hs_description": "Frames and mountings: for spectacles, goggles or the like, of materials other than plastics",
    "hs_chapter": 90,
    "hs_heading": 9003
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 900319,
      "corridor_rank": 58,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8532888.588606145,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2068087.5717246959,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7612297.639761076,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6641348.348495985,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4543972.742138112,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.99922335573855,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.680978171983018,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 23.54444333426018,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8532888.588606145,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 203693956.3904419,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.54521997852163,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.0138,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.0906,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.189073028877818,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.0902003555642414,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 48.22510259326806,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 77,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3154.23,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.107449264483362,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 79.21999803613728,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 900319,
      "corridor_rank": 97,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4772360.018310148,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 970239.5707389041,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3733270.660355203,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3089190.9197054505,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2085838.3890060447,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.057619729686046,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 28.065112762410727,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.978732948301946,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4772360.018310148,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 174644751.8989293,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -0.9211132186159006,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.0469,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -0.6497,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 37.931,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.7326100363279258,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.0058889870919854,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 37.3047241437306,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 64,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2117.22,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1510845470955167,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.2568072542038,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 900319,
    "num_markets": 132,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 4302942.857142856,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GHA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 583.3333333333334,
    "median_price_across_markets": 317040.8163265306,
    "price_spread_pct": 1357.0364767728784,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.7232533589251443,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 100705641
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 11244055.440792521,
      "active_destinations": 101,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.161012049786958
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 8366150.493737653,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.594901787962222
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 10311812.276335767,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.256356481448755
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 10964139.744838445,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.326021566545411
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 10357943.251794258,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.528901556819026
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 10933692.10696593,
      "active_destinations": 94,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.558524903792429
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 11783032.140194844,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.768099054918465
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 13706669.105134498,
      "active_destinations": 100,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.325483475324244
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 17203836.842943225,
      "active_destinations": 101,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.514351524680002
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 19143654.89170395,
      "active_destinations": 108,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.27549666083011
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 16055653.053054158,
      "active_destinations": 107,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.130680667399623
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 25451533.84512178,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.52070146894653
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 28128193.819352742,
      "active_destinations": 107,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.516694162792046
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 24724521.76907048,
      "active_destinations": 109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.100570950774912
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 33996495.24981965,
      "active_destinations": 111,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.50112365104707
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}