{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/870892",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/870892",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/870892",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "870892",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 160,
    "current_lane_count": 108,
    "active_market_count": 108,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 165797882.44765514,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 164902937.57636595,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 202742972.683079,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 212959045.7016167,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 208615789.03151494,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -16.834256111543954,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.930100817233596,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.175219234409778,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 219857328.7615101,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 742264989.4485589,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -11.659036877134177,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 25684029.666925866,
    "top_market_share_pct": 15.491168697546362,
    "destination_hhi": 796.3729440492084,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 8.699609907032595,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.3731263401882423,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1169690654638516,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.4814303594379,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 20.625,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 870892,
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: parts, silencers and exhaust pipes",
      "hs_chapter": 87,
      "hs_heading": 8708,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.654891,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Vehicles: parts, silencers and exhaust pipes",
    "hs_chapter": 87,
    "hs_heading": 8708,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 870892,
        "corridor_rank": 80,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 25684029.666925866,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 46198919.36386393,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 30429710.575769324,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 34386612.399265595,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 48058759.77957809,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -19.65873425830512,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -9.785531261125701,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.850018514686862,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 84352148.00160599,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1431340844.0799491,
        "historical_peak_year": 2016,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -11.808715743618258,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.2297,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.1196,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.7944034625404188,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3462601638422349,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 29.177665457145512,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 84,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1489.95,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.3915286921532684,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 69.55142189569747,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 870892,
        "corridor_rank": 88,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 20482298.754595682,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 29358885.709644087,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 33793185.14679711,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 46826406.72142842,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 36850104.18753566,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -36.88130550028035,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -16.679343175941618,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.192249104666489,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 81452547.81104885,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 121703966.72678651,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -40.073554604946835,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -18.963,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.7994,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 16.82960654896026,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.38914085570270984,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 19.02745780364019,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 47,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1157.17,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5960522549363902,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 83.89177012250792,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 870892,
      "num_markets": 129,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 630000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 256.25,
      "median_price_across_markets": 16666.666666666668,
      "price_spread_pct": 3778.4624999999996,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 190.48659677419354,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1081900222
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 311139862.05161357,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.387054353918604
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 337376442.34396225,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.432407252271783
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 292569510.518388,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.280990075736435
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 241463864.25842497,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.467864703130445
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 280549771.50702995,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.187062759325997
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 203975645.77338672,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.29431049696095
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 213174334.54674032,
        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.509699546961202
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 181350290.39515722,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.928647118448216
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 210531478.9509991,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.091062491412007
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 212330912.14078245,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8547098033744162
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 169887916.5107782,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.989079876350335
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 286678393.9480684,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 68.74560582999479
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 245227025.44208175,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.459188198708661
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 198098955.0307895,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.21813891692091
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 164902937.57636595,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.757290541620506
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "870892",
    "hs_description": "Vehicles: parts, silencers and exhaust pipes",
    "hs_chapter": 87,
    "hs_heading": 8708
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 870892,
      "corridor_rank": 80,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 25684029.666925866,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 46198919.36386393,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 30429710.575769324,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 34386612.399265595,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 48058759.77957809,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -19.65873425830512,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -9.785531261125701,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.850018514686862,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 84352148.00160599,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1431340844.0799491,
      "historical_peak_year": 2016,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -11.808715743618258,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.2297,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.1196,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.7944034625404188,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3462601638422349,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 29.177665457145512,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 84,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1489.95,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.3915286921532684,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 69.55142189569747,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 870892,
      "corridor_rank": 88,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 20482298.754595682,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 29358885.709644087,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 33793185.14679711,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 46826406.72142842,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 36850104.18753566,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -36.88130550028035,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -16.679343175941618,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.192249104666489,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 81452547.81104885,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 121703966.72678651,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -40.073554604946835,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -18.963,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.7994,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 16.82960654896026,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.38914085570270984,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 19.02745780364019,
      "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 47,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1157.17,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5960522549363902,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 83.89177012250792,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 870892,
    "num_markets": 129,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 630000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 256.25,
    "median_price_across_markets": 16666.666666666668,
    "price_spread_pct": 3778.4624999999996,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 190.48659677419354,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 1081900222
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 311139862.05161357,
      "active_destinations": 98,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.387054353918604
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 337376442.34396225,
      "active_destinations": 102,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.432407252271783
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 292569510.518388,
      "active_destinations": 102,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.280990075736435
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 241463864.25842497,
      "active_destinations": 107,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.467864703130445
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 280549771.50702995,
      "active_destinations": 110,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.187062759325997
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 203975645.77338672,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.29431049696095
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 213174334.54674032,
      "active_destinations": 109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.509699546961202
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 181350290.39515722,
      "active_destinations": 117,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.928647118448216
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 210531478.9509991,
      "active_destinations": 108,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.091062491412007
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 212330912.14078245,
      "active_destinations": 106,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8547098033744162
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 169887916.5107782,
      "active_destinations": 106,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.989079876350335
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 286678393.9480684,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 68.74560582999479
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 245227025.44208175,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.459188198708661
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 198098955.0307895,
      "active_destinations": 110,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.21813891692091
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 164902937.57636595,
      "active_destinations": 108,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.757290541620506
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}