{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/870431",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/870431",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/870431",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "870431",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 152,
    "current_lane_count": 65,
    "active_market_count": 65,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 418687440.1595382,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 403751229.1491241,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 813597087.2454108,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 850866776.1905016,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 792184649.4970541,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -17.765683742529315,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -18.324270529831168,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.3891442831907925,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 557226848.5763624,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 2037407505.97066,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.376539459338524,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "DZA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 124066843.822,
    "top_market_share_pct": 29.632329972622323,
    "destination_hhi": 1562.8706597937555,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 38.04011645316986,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 9.949247953772266,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.7641621649091408,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 94.36274548112405,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 25.657894736842106,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 870431,
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. not exceeding 5 tonnes), nes in item no 8704.1",
      "hs_chapter": 87,
      "hs_heading": 8704,
      "substitution_elasticity": -13.918557,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. not exceeding 5 tonnes), nes in item no 8704.1",
    "hs_chapter": 87,
    "hs_heading": 8704,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 870431,
        "corridor_rank": 22,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DZA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 124066843.822,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7060641.014693505,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 85991576.61591017,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 43791098.05270657,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 25265509.193939358,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 303.36878825112217,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 144.9615156250336,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 97.42954082032438,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 124066843.822,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 157650284.2614878,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.53846153846154,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 205.9392474307978,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 56.5698,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 32.7225,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 78.69750720919451,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 31.109600008124076,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 78.69750720919451,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 14,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6399.25,
        "distance_km": 706.8756713867188,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.23658253282424235,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1656216637575757,
        "volatility_cv": 3.488622170675983,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.79726753360242,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 870431,
        "corridor_rank": 30,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 75119852.96350764,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 51289513.13950385,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 78127338.75434318,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 74531662.45460522,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 57139404.55595591,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.040294834157197,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.813153541941542,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 15.056552883072527,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 110056896.84675406,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 307865429.02241534,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.01625804891533,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -25.118,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.3816,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 24.40022356587438,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.3688707697992193,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 24.400223565874377,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 38,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1474.91,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.522806667416668,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 87.88488535909276,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 870431,
        "corridor_rank": 36,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 16,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 61262755.933174394,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 254919282.62939793,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 349605667.45091975,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 351820398.0290055,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 364791369.4631649,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -36.83497490187164,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -33.41972901807225,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -17.377657428494697,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 591080861.7791958,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27705209672.349876,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -19.457317473376943,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.4452,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.8963,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.22112359609505264,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.9645093156047506,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 88.35628656531908,
        "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
        "supplier_count_latest": 40,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7935.31,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7978160057957806,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.56959801445787,
        "attention_level": "Critical attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 870431,
        "corridor_rank": 60,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "TUR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 17,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 35589600.34799912,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4310394.066098558,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 28727628.926651224,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19161987.94854394,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8328660.11241415,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 950.428890836221,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 226.74982356409097,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 85.7635051765402,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 35589600.34799912,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 78883577.56398314,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.5,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 864.6653856596807,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -18.3411,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 156.2726,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 45.11661545666092,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 22.481673084368836,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 45.11661545666092,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 25,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2843.46,
        "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
        "volatility_cv": 2.1897838772725433,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.90615474922025,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 870431,
        "corridor_rank": 86,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BEL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 24072625.34282822,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 10252575.952756662,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24449560.3486014,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 26895344.947314225,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22023930.121935636,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -12.7666330012557,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.106765581097264,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.630757718789894,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 36263986.97971474,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 117941027.40175587,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -22.397390720045593,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.527,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.3088,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 20.410730577093343,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.629531400821179,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 20.410730577093343,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1437.21,
        "distance_km": 1316.64013671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.008172661109304,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 74.61344936937837,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 870431,
      "num_markets": 104,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 96359.53752391307,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BFA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 99.77924944812362,
      "median_price_across_markets": 9424.801845964621,
      "price_spread_pct": 1021.3451682878626,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1339.8989085545725,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 4550592615
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 287973310.77932227,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 153.63470486410907
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 122436206.77662092,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -57.48348815892685
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 81903361.77588135,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.10527667252044
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 105420126.85597916,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.71282029234477
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 569973375.1599826,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 440.6684588215852
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 600437023.3226883,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.344749332221897
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 595926796.7515925,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7511573064127871
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 560374752.0789979,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.965840916432939
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 799941106.9852655,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.75109719298973
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1110832934.879489,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.86433953442899
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1087512562.9098854,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.0993590698797115
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 726030056.30639,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.239386737406264
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 834057383.5079038,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.879181139014092
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1202982649.0792048,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 44.23259992252139
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 403751229.14912415,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -66.43748524069186
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "870431",
    "hs_description": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. not exceeding 5 tonnes), nes in item no 8704.1",
    "hs_chapter": 87,
    "hs_heading": 8704
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 870431,
      "corridor_rank": 22,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DZA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 27,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 124066843.822,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7060641.014693505,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 85991576.61591017,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 43791098.05270657,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 25265509.193939358,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 303.36878825112217,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 144.9615156250336,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 97.42954082032438,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 124066843.822,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 157650284.2614878,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.53846153846154,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 205.9392474307978,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 56.5698,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 32.7225,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 78.69750720919451,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 31.109600008124076,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 78.69750720919451,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 14,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 6399.25,
      "distance_km": 706.8756713867188,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.23658253282424235,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1656216637575757,
      "volatility_cv": 3.488622170675983,
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