{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/870323",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/870323",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/870323",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "870323",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 189,
    "current_lane_count": 133,
    "active_market_count": 133,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 2514444815.394092,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 2504633211.5872235,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2571971813.776242,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2521093728.6714067,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3533449998.609094,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.593847550151729,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.100909187685997,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.131987560089904,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 4608340032.80457,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 12836576961.48307,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.725835110241633,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 932837745.0962772,
    "top_market_share_pct": 37.09915363364507,
    "destination_hhi": 1732.4078621291492,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 7.902580882402976,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2721738276590894,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.603435697981596,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 84.92601525713981,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 10.052910052910052,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 870323,
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 3000cc",
      "hs_chapter": 87,
      "hs_heading": 8703,
      "substitution_elasticity": -9.4088907,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 3000cc",
    "hs_chapter": 87,
    "hs_heading": 8703,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 870323,
        "corridor_rank": 44,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 932837745.0962772,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 927068967.4174914,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 752416988.4217087,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 714701579.7266178,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 932839619.5439122,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 24.897519473470055,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.7927723273079454,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.9713049181094084,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1574761868.3976128,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11474635439.624712,
        "historical_peak_year": 2009,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 28.868824391579462,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -10.0298,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.2939,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 8.12956324411808,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.9392635095647446,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 21.365340066784412,
        "peer_top_exporter": "SVK",
        "supplier_count_latest": 97,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 929.92,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.37721207099606235,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 69.59606601732835,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 870323,
      "num_markets": 162,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ATG",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 162767.15542521994,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TCD",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 436.23890234059724,
      "median_price_across_markets": 12615.625411021965,
      "price_spread_pct": 1286.7448995517477,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1738.3156317321684,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 15780133751
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4155566613.4214964,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.284505961189247
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 3940650144.3095636,
        "active_destinations": 149,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.171772927855456
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 3559156556.5356817,
        "active_destinations": 149,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.68098089917401
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 4824980782.94738,
        "active_destinations": 146,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.56528650270426
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 5849260046.865747,
        "active_destinations": 152,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.22867033042726
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 5600725647.551718,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.248988715200032
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 5541341298.826383,
        "active_destinations": 146,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.0602974054137824
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 4429105595.060859,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.071597178125224
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 4069898658.610473,
        "active_destinations": 149,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.11014613991044
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 3087960142.6844764,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.126854211678232
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 2570129008.01315,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.76935940698887
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 2319424194.0151567,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.75456147206408
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 2150906721.5651393,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.265487394882121
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 3060375508.176367,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.283041728068945
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 2504633211.5872226,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.15928454218688
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "870323",
    "hs_description": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 3000cc",
    "hs_chapter": 87,
    "hs_heading": 8703
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 870323,
      "corridor_rank": 44,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 932837745.0962772,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 927068967.4174914,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 752416988.4217087,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 714701579.7266178,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 932839619.5439122,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 24.897519473470055,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.7927723273079454,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.9713049181094084,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1574761868.3976128,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11474635439.624712,
      "historical_peak_year": 2009,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 28.868824391579462,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -10.0298,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.2939,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 8.12956324411808,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.9392635095647446,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 21.365340066784412,
      "peer_top_exporter": "SVK",
      "supplier_count_latest": 97,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 929.92,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.37721207099606235,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 69.59606601732835,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 870323,
    "num_markets": 162,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ATG",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 162767.15542521994,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TCD",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 436.23890234059724,
    "median_price_across_markets": 12615.625411021965,
    "price_spread_pct": 1286.7448995517477,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1738.3156317321684,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 15780133751
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 4155566613.4214964,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.284505961189247
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 3940650144.3095636,
      "active_destinations": 149,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.171772927855456
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 3559156556.5356817,
      "active_destinations": 149,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.68098089917401
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 4824980782.94738,
      "active_destinations": 146,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.56528650270426
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 5849260046.865747,
      "active_destinations": 152,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.22867033042726
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 5600725647.551718,
      "active_destinations": 147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.248988715200032
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 5541341298.826383,
      "active_destinations": 146,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.0602974054137824
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 4429105595.060859,
      "active_destinations": 147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.071597178125224
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 4069898658.610473,
      "active_destinations": 149,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.11014613991044
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 3087960142.6844764,
      "active_destinations": 147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.126854211678232
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 2570129008.01315,
      "active_destinations": 134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.76935940698887
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 2319424194.0151567,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.75456147206408
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 2150906721.5651393,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.265487394882121
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 3060375508.176367,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.283041728068945
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 2504633211.5872226,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.15928454218688
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}