{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/860290",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/860290",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/860290",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "860290",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 51,
    "current_lane_count": 6,
    "active_market_count": 6,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 46007363.72243796,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 15670750.0206855,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6365866.4093051,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5640232.431804187,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3567047.9676101645,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 138.03668957564685,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 94.35391560031843,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.60348321125305,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 27511857.616913743,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 64217551.56611328,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 118.4332063643938,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 14948401.435493732,
    "top_market_share_pct": 32.49132361870876,
    "destination_hhi": 1789.9676744329386,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 73.10037597611566,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 52.60725364526066,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1359401558161677,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 34.556480792168855,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 80.3921568627451,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 73,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "hs_description": "Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders: other than diesel-electric powered",
      "hs_chapter": 86,
      "hs_heading": 8602,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders: other than diesel-electric powered",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8602,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 860290,
        "corridor_rank": 4,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 8,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 14948401.435493732,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2325726.2971572615,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7478231.178152716,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7478231.178152716,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7478231.178152716,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 384.8007312491411,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 157.83267815747126,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 60.57169058008676,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14948401.435493732,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17488197.32409877,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 42.857142857142854,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 324.22904066905437,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 206.7625,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 157.4705,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 85.47708582230372,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 85.33568826490122,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 85.47708582230375,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 12,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7457.61,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 2.072620048068231,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.64417971381083,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 860290,
        "corridor_rank": 12,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2006,
        "lane_data_years": 2,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1691939.7799113994,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 846094.6134638357,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1691939.7799113994,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 846094.6134638357,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 846094.6134638357,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1792.934250167751,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1691939.7799113994,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10265177.699583868,
        "historical_peak_year": 2006,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.3374,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 89.9928,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 82.31709586904327,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 82.30246529404336,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 73.57864927113798,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 4,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5840.23,
        "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9997051783425842,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "num_markets": 18,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "COL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1075000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 487.3949579831933,
      "median_price_across_markets": 15571.42857142857,
      "price_spread_pct": 6900.5396654074475,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 48.59034482758619,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 26769195
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 357161.4163614142,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -96.0706994011439
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 6673775.941146762,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1768.5601622750653
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 851642.0899074464,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -87.23897689377466
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 705052.2455363614,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.21261150761301
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2616082.917165945,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 271.04809377293543
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 654797.3543504277,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -74.970313438697
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 6137218.985629246,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 837.2699728937498
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 111632.68317637773,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -98.18105426190961
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 571.0935392748,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -99.48841726004875
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 565097.4003853863,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 98850.06010801176
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 7941691.48857954,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1305.36684174506
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1161871.4425260923,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -85.36997509665404
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 3196791.476969601,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 175.14158279157553
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 230057.73026020094,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -92.80348024206184
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 15670750.0206855,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6711.6598398851875
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "860290",
    "hs_description": "Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders: other than diesel-electric powered",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8602
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 8,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 14948401.435493732,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2325726.2971572615,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7478231.178152716,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7478231.178152716,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7478231.178152716,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 384.8007312491411,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 157.83267815747126,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 60.57169058008676,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14948401.435493732,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17488197.32409877,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 42.857142857142854,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 324.22904066905437,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 206.7625,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 157.4705,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 85.47708582230372,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 85.33568826490122,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 85.47708582230375,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 12,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 7457.61,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 2.072620048068231,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.64417971381083,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "corridor_rank": 12,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2006,
      "lane_data_years": 2,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1691939.7799113994,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 846094.6134638357,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1691939.7799113994,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 846094.6134638357,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 846094.6134638357,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1792.934250167751,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1691939.7799113994,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10265177.699583868,
      "historical_peak_year": 2006,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.3374,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 89.9928,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 82.31709586904327,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 82.30246529404336,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 73.57864927113798,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 4,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5840.23,
      "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9997051783425842,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 860290,
    "num_markets": 18,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "COL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1075000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "PRT",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 487.3949579831933,
    "median_price_across_markets": 15571.42857142857,
    "price_spread_pct": 6900.5396654074475,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 48.59034482758619,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 26769195
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 357161.4163614142,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -96.0706994011439
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 6673775.941146762,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1768.5601622750653
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 851642.0899074464,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -87.23897689377466
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 705052.2455363614,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.21261150761301
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2616082.917165945,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 271.04809377293543
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 654797.3543504277,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -74.970313438697
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 6137218.985629246,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 837.2699728937498
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 111632.68317637773,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -98.18105426190961
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 571.0935392748,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -99.48841726004875
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 565097.4003853863,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 98850.06010801176
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 7941691.48857954,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1305.36684174506
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1161871.4425260923,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -85.36997509665404
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 3196791.476969601,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 175.14158279157553
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 230057.73026020094,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -92.80348024206184
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 15670750.0206855,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6711.6598398851875
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}