{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/853649",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/853649",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/853649",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "853649",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 184,
    "current_lane_count": 150,
    "active_market_count": 150,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 141720980.72289118,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 140832942.84857515,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 130800911.44938456,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 115251669.51701227,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 107560009.48173082,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 12.633707482447365,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.358941023393921,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.0078102973384295,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 95848238.89042883,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 297005205.97245723,
    "historical_peak_year": 2012,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.625897185108936,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "SAU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 36094077.68700997,
    "top_market_share_pct": 25.46840806696446,
    "destination_hhi": 974.2042764135698,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 11.466043685377,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.1477393289605763,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9466514616686487,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 72.43009923043766,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 9.782608695652174,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 853649,
      "hs_description": "Electrical apparatus: relays, for a voltage exceeding 60 volts",
      "hs_chapter": 85,
      "hs_heading": 8536,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.5004129,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Electrical apparatus: relays, for a voltage exceeding 60 volts",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8536,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 853649,
        "corridor_rank": 19,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SAU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 36094077.68700997,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5399240.726723665,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 28873527.756238133,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20318346.31073185,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 13342719.63327312,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 59.14207660294719,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 64.9479360613168,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 24.668543681285236,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 36094077.68700997,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 131676542.3675285,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 34.473532921661956,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 21.3098,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.4435,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 27.411167576276508,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.10209224375825343,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 27.411167576276508,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 74,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1213.79,
        "distance_km": 4975.89697265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09920948249898988,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5748629303371022,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 72.39984280257933,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 853649,
        "corridor_rank": 69,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16808649.956436336,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 12738942.836731529,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 18693738.11154747,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 18108356.93061101,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16050823.66917055,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.195054600656999,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.8295818026456514,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.6915348884912085,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 20411882.154137332,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 231551758.9202348,
        "historical_peak_year": 2011,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.886589489148207,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.3607,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.4375,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.259132919057894,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.22398197527740127,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 34.228584857273866,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 69,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1740.24,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.3962489416241405,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 42.309426056829736,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 853649,
      "num_markets": 173,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BRN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 21452000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SYC",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1054.0540540540542,
      "median_price_across_markets": 87591.33858267717,
      "price_spread_pct": 24489.802636933637,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 12.080556771545831,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 513331169
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 123785990.5016618,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.480077986775077
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 149147245.26895624,
        "active_destinations": 152,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.4879846778412
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 152691112.60613644,
        "active_destinations": 152,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.376086350632601
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 137150946.78559503,
        "active_destinations": 145,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.177518229647687
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 127395676.99823685,
        "active_destinations": 149,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.11279799082129
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 119859372.90305078,
        "active_destinations": 149,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.915667056183054
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 100415127.6972911,
        "active_destinations": 158,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.22254875426998
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 100690840.15368782,
        "active_destinations": 154,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.2745726293630474
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 96137222.42469725,
        "active_destinations": 155,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.522375344212273
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 82239184.05352014,
        "active_destinations": 157,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.456459236757352
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 85295971.69967525,
        "active_destinations": 146,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.716947926144049
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 98559641.53723237,
        "active_destinations": 155,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.55017144802352
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 110500173.43816954,
        "active_destinations": 149,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.11503178654161
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 141069618.06140894,
        "active_destinations": 148,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.664612345920485
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 140832942.84857512,
        "active_destinations": 150,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.16777192430675955
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "853649",
    "hs_description": "Electrical apparatus: relays, for a voltage exceeding 60 volts",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8536
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 853649,
      "corridor_rank": 19,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 36094077.68700997,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5399240.726723665,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 28873527.756238133,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20318346.31073185,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 13342719.63327312,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 59.14207660294719,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 64.9479360613168,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 24.668543681285236,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 36094077.68700997,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 131676542.3675285,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 34.473532921661956,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 21.3098,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.4435,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 27.411167576276508,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.10209224375825343,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 27.411167576276508,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 74,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1213.79,
      "distance_km": 4975.89697265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09920948249898988,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5748629303371022,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 72.39984280257933,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 853649,
      "corridor_rank": 69,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16808649.956436336,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 12738942.836731529,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 18693738.11154747,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 18108356.93061101,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16050823.66917055,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.195054600656999,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.8295818026456514,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.6915348884912085,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 20411882.154137332,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 231551758.9202348,
      "historical_peak_year": 2011,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.886589489148207,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.3607,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.4375,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.259132919057894,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.22398197527740127,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 34.228584857273866,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 69,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1740.24,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.3962489416241405,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 42.309426056829736,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 853649,
    "num_markets": 173,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BRN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 21452000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SYC",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1054.0540540540542,
    "median_price_across_markets": 87591.33858267717,
    "price_spread_pct": 24489.802636933637,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 12.080556771545831,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 513331169
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 123785990.5016618,
      "active_destinations": 147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.480077986775077
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 149147245.26895624,
      "active_destinations": 152,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.4879846778412
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 152691112.60613644,
      "active_destinations": 152,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.376086350632601
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 137150946.78559503,
      "active_destinations": 145,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.177518229647687
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 127395676.99823685,
      "active_destinations": 149,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.11279799082129
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 119859372.90305078,
      "active_destinations": 149,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.915667056183054
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 100415127.6972911,
      "active_destinations": 158,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.22254875426998
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 100690840.15368782,
      "active_destinations": 154,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.2745726293630474
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 96137222.42469725,
      "active_destinations": 155,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.522375344212273
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 82239184.05352014,
      "active_destinations": 157,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.456459236757352
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 85295971.69967525,
      "active_destinations": 146,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.716947926144049
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 98559641.53723237,
      "active_destinations": 155,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.55017144802352
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 110500173.43816954,
      "active_destinations": 149,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.11503178654161
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 141069618.06140894,
      "active_destinations": 148,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.664612345920485
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 140832942.84857512,
      "active_destinations": 150,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.16777192430675955
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}