{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/852729",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/852729",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/852729",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "852729",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 142,
    "current_lane_count": 62,
    "active_market_count": 62,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 32888699.725727174,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 32737113.30171625,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 18955840.795152057,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 21940705.65027032,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 30907533.30755496,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 18.431917044627568,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.609431639851529,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 31.08075522113227,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 14951324.942591317,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 108315354.31766744,
    "historical_peak_year": 2016,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.648838176504704,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "TUR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 23477845.060242698,
    "top_market_share_pct": 71.38575029123805,
    "destination_hhi": 5566.386203777105,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 83.55070949516723,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 33.08098610404879,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 2.2025765117948732,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 99.61578846908174,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 37.32394366197183,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 852729,
      "hs_description": "Radio-broadcast receivers: (not operational without external power source), without sound recording or reproducing apparatus, including apparatus capable of receiving radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy",
      "hs_chapter": 85,
      "hs_heading": 8527,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.5361371,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Radio-broadcast receivers: (not operational without external power source), without sound recording or reproducing apparatus, including apparatus capable of receiving radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8527,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 852729,
        "corridor_rank": 6,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "TUR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 15,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 23477845.060242698,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2851464.509267436,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12119685.74926495,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8263026.077845437,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5164507.869828523,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 89.72112797420542,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 961.1968513258097,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 75.27166230164597,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 23477845.060242698,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 25188619.94745174,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 64.28571428571429,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 14.449465672559441,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 75.8374,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 47.3897,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 93.20814363479202,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 39.48812495990605,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 93.20814363479204,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 29,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 8713.67,
        "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
        "volatility_cv": 2.0869290419673883,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98794301166004,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 852729,
      "num_markets": 97,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2414000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 196,
      "median_price_across_markets": 115272.7360297974,
      "price_spread_pct": 2093.99384723205,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.435685314685314,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 138441841
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 892314.1551724449,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -73.89056267339848
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1708913.9841833524,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 91.51483524915
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 2590249.974913828,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 51.572870190517186
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 2153636.9096681885,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.856020441045068
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2186004.403433979,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.502922503811348
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 41021298.111849345,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1776.5423366672671
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 62171191.94769797,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 51.55832411295462
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 43016497.57313254,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.809598102412895
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 33389497.96474399,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.379784853524264
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 19773319.22677414,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -40.779824699212874
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 33128389.307155162,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 67.54086113320588
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 19707616.558740254,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -40.511395299004924
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 6720951.559740038,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -65.89667989679188
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 17409457.523999892,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 159.03262907422712
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 32737113.30171625,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 88.04212168349498
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "852729",
    "hs_description": "Radio-broadcast receivers: (not operational without external power source), without sound recording or reproducing apparatus, including apparatus capable of receiving radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8527
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 852729,
      "corridor_rank": 6,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "TUR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 15,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 23477845.060242698,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2851464.509267436,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12119685.74926495,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8263026.077845437,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5164507.869828523,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 89.72112797420542,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 961.1968513258097,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 75.27166230164597,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 23477845.060242698,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 25188619.94745174,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 64.28571428571429,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 14.449465672559441,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 75.8374,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 47.3897,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 93.20814363479202,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 39.48812495990605,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 93.20814363479204,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 29,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 8713.67,
      "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
      "volatility_cv": 2.0869290419673883,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98794301166004,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 852729,
    "num_markets": 97,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "JPN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2414000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 196,
    "median_price_across_markets": 115272.7360297974,
    "price_spread_pct": 2093.99384723205,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.435685314685314,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 138441841
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 892314.1551724449,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -73.89056267339848
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1708913.9841833524,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 91.51483524915
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 2590249.974913828,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.572870190517186
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 2153636.9096681885,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.856020441045068
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2186004.403433979,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.502922503811348
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 41021298.111849345,
      "active_destinations": 66,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1776.5423366672671
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 62171191.94769797,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.55832411295462
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 43016497.57313254,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.809598102412895
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 33389497.96474399,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.379784853524264
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 19773319.22677414,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -40.779824699212874
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 33128389.307155162,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 67.54086113320588
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 19707616.558740254,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -40.511395299004924
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 6720951.559740038,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -65.89667989679188
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 17409457.523999892,
      "active_destinations": 69,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 159.03262907422712
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 32737113.30171625,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 88.04212168349498
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}